--- name: remotion-markup description: Content, animation and effects best practices version: 4.0.516 ---

This is guidance for writing Remotion React Markup. If this is not relevant, load [Remotion Best Practices](../remotion-best-practices/SKILL.md) instead.

## Preserve user changes

Users may make edits in the code outside of the conversation.

If you detect a surprising change made in the meanwhile, don't overwrite it, assume it was intentional or ask for confirmation.

## General rules

Drive animations using `useCurrentFrame()` and `interpolate()`. CSS `transition` or `animation` will not render correctly, they need to refactored. Tailwind animation class will not render correctly, they need to be refactored.

Use `Easing.bezier()` and `Easing.spring()` to customize timing.

Structure your markup according to [Remotion Interactivity Best Practices](../remotion-interactivity/SKILL.md)

```tsx import { useCurrentFrame, Easing, interpolate, Interactive } from "remotion";

export const FadeIn = () => { const frame = useCurrentFrame();

return ( <Interactive.Div name="Title" style={{ opacity: interpolate(frame, [0, 2 * fps], [0, 1], { extrapolateRight: "clamp", extrapolateLeft: "clamp", easing: Easing.bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), }), }} > Hello World! </Interactive.Div> ); }; ```

Keep the `interpolate()` call inline in the `style` prop. Use `scale`, `translate`, `rotate` CSS properties over `transform`.

```tsx // 👍 Inline editable keyframes and transform shorthands style={{ scale: interpolate(frame, [0, 100], [0, 1], { extrapolateLeft: 'clamp', extrapolateRight: 'clamp', easing: Easing.spring({damping: 200}), output: 'perceptual-scale' // For `scale` animations, use "output: 'perceptual-scale'" }), translate: interpolate(frame, [0, 100], ["0px 0px", "100px 100px"], { extrapolateLeft: 'clamp', extrapolateRight: 'clamp', easing: Easing.spring({damping: 200}), }), rotate: interpolate(frame, [0, 100], ["20deg", "90deg"], { extrapolateLeft: 'clamp', extrapolateRight: 'clamp', easing: Easing.spring({damping: 200}), }), }}

// 👎 Non-inline values and transform strings become harder to edit in Studio const scale = interpolate(frame, [0, 100], [0, 1]);

style={{ transform: `scale(${scale})`, }} ```

## Assets

Place assets in the `public/` folder at your project root. Use `staticFile()` to reference files from the `public/` folder.

## Media components

Add video and audio using `<Video>` and `<Audio>` from `@remotion/media`. Add images using the `<CanvasImage>` component. Add animated GIFs, APNG, WebP or AVIF images using `<AnimatedImage>`, use `@remotion/gif` if not using Chrome. Use `staticFile()` for files in `public/` or pass a remote URL directly:

```tsx import { Audio, Video } from "@remotion/media"; import { staticFile, CanvasImage, AnimatedImage } from "remotion";

export const MyComposition = () => { return ( <> <Video src={staticFile("video.mp4")} style={{ opacity: 0.5 }} /> <Audio src={staticFile("audio.mp3")} /> <CanvasImage src={staticFile("logo.png")} style={{ width: 100, height: 100 }} /> <Video src="https://remotion.media/video.mp4" /> <AnimatedImage src={staticFile('nyancat.gif')} /> </> ); }; ```

## Example scene

```tsx import { AbsoluteFill, Easing, Interactive, interpolate, useCurrentFrame, useVideoConfig } from "remotion";

export const Empty = () => { const {fps} = useVideoConfig(); const frame = useCurrentFrame();

return ( <AbsoluteFill name="Scene" style={{ display: 'flex', justifyContent: 'center', alignItems: 'center', backgroundColor: 'white' }} > <Interactive.Div name="Title" style={{ opacity: interpolate(frame, [1 * fps, 2 * fps], [0, 1], { extrapolateRight: "clamp", extrapolateLeft: "clamp", easing: Easing.bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), }), fontSize: 88 }} > Title </Interactive.Div> <Interactive.Div name="Subtitle" style={{ opacity: interpolate(frame, [2 * fps, 3 * fps, 8 * fps, 10 * fps], [0, 1, 1, 0], { extrapolateRight: "clamp", extrapolateLeft: "clamp", easing: [Easing.bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1), Easing.linear, Easing.bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1)], }), fontSize: 32 }} > Subtitle </Interactive.Div> </AbsoluteFill> ); } ```

## Delaying, trimming

Most components (`<AbsoluteFill>`, `<Interactive.*>` `<Img>`, `<AnimatedImage>`, `<CanvasImage>`, `<HtmlInCanvas>`, `<Solid>`, `<Sequence>` from `remotion`, `<Video>` and `<Audio>` from `@remotion/media`, `<Gif>`, and more) support the following props:

### from

```tsx <Img from={1 * fps} {/* ... */}/> <Video from={1 * fps} {/* ... */}/> <Interactive.Div from={1 * fps} {/* ... */}/> ```

When the element starts appearing in the timelien.

### durationInFrames

```tsx <Img durationInFrames={20 * fps} {/* ... */}/> <Interactive.Div durationInFrames={20 * fps} {/* ... */}/> ```

For how long the layer plays in the timeline. For media, pass the natural duration of the media: `<Video durationInFrames={29.322 * fps}/>`

### `trimBefore`

Useful for components whose internal clock should start later:

```tsx // Trim away first 2 seconds of footage <Video trimBefore={2 * fps} {/* ... */} />

// `useCurrenFrame()` for children starts at `10 * fps` <Sequence trimBefore={10 * fps} {/* ... */} /> ```

### Fallback

If a component does not support these props, wrap it in`<Sequence>` from `remotion`, which has them.

- `layout="absolute-fill"` makes the Sequence behave like AbsoluteFill - `layout="none"` is "headless" mode, no wrapper element is used.

## Maps

See [Remotion Maps](./remotion-maps/REFERENCE.md) if wanting to include maps in the video.

## Text highlights and annotations

See [text-highlights.md](text-highlights.md) for text highlights (highlight markers), circles, underlines, strike-throughs, crossed-off text, boxes.

## Multi-scene videos

See [multi-scene-video.md](multi-scene-video.md) if planning to make a video with multiple subsequent scenes.

## Voiceover

See [voiceover.md](voiceover.md) for adding an AI-generated voiceover to Remotion compositions using ElevenLabs TTS.

## Embedding Videos

See [embedding-videos.md](embedding-videos.md) for advanced knowledge about embedding videos - trimming, volume, speed, looping, pitch.

## Embedding Audio

See [audio.md](audio.md) for advanced audio features like trimming, volume, speed, pitch.

## Video editing

See [video-editing.md](video-editing.md) for structuring editable video timelines in Remotion Studio.

## Cropping

See [cropping.md](cropping.md) if needing to crop the visible rectangle of a component.

## Transitions

See [transitions.md](transitions.md) for scene transition patterns.

## Visual and pixel effects

When creating a visual effect, consider whether it is feasible using CSS and HTML, or whether a shader is needed. Order or preference:

1. Regular HTML + CSS or other web techniques 2. An effect applied to the element directly (`<Video>`, `<Img>`), or by wrapping the content in [`<HtmlInCanvas>`](html-in-canvas.md), which also accepts `effects`:

- A listed effect via [effects.md](effects.md) - A custom `createEffect()` via [effects.md](effects.md) when no preset is available.

## 3D content

See [./3d.md](./3d.md) for 3D content in Remotion using Three.js and React Three Fiber.

## Sound effects

When needing to use sound effects, load the [./sfx.md](./sfx.md) file for more information.

## Audio visualization

When needing to visualize audio (spectrum bars, waveforms, bass-reactive effects), load the [./audio-visualization.md](./audio-visualization.md) file for more information.

## Maps

For static maps, animated routes and markers, geographic explainers, Mapbox, MapLibre, MapTiler, GeoJSON, or 3D geographic flyovers, load [Remotion Maps](./remotion-maps/REFERENCE.md).

## Captions

When dealing with captions or subtitles, load the [Remotion Captions](../remotion-captions/SKILL.md) skill for more information.

## Google Fonts

Is the recommended way to load fonts in Remotion. See [google-fonts.md](google-fonts.md) for how to load Google Fonts.

## Local fonts

See [local-fonts.md](local-fonts.md) for how to load local fonts.

## GIFs

See [gifs.md](gifs.md) for how to display GIFs synchronized with Remotion's timeline.

## Advanced Images

See [images.md](images.md) for sizing and positioning images, dynamic image paths, and getting image dimensions.

## Lottie animations

See [lottie.md](lottie.md) for embedding Lottie animations in Remotion.

## Timing

See [timing.md](timing.md) for more timing techniques for `interpolate()`.

## Parameterized videos

See [parameters.md](parameters.md) for making a composition parametrizable by adding a Zod schema.

## Measuring DOM nodes

See [measuring-dom-nodes.md](measuring-dom-nodes.md) for measuring DOM element dimensions in Remotion.

## Measuring text

See [measuring-text.md](measuring-text.md) for measuring text dimensions, fitting text to containers, and checking overflow.

## Using FFmpeg

For some video operations, such as trimming videos or detecting silence, FFmpeg should be used. Load the [./ffmpeg.md](./ffmpeg.md) file for more information.

## Silence detection

When needing to detect and trim silent segments from video or audio files, load the [./silence-detection.md](./silence-detection.md) file.

## Dynamic duration, dimensions and data

See [calculate-metadata.md](calculate-metadata.md) for dynamically set composition duration, dimensions, and props.

## Advanced compositions

See [compositions.md](compositions.md) for how to define stills, folders, default props and for how to nest compositions.

## Advanced sequencing

See [sequencing.md](sequencing.md) for more sequencing patterns - delay, trim, limit duration of items.

## Install modules

Use `npx remotion add` to add new packages with the right version:

``` npx remotion add @remotion/media ```

This goes for `@remotion/*` packages, `mediabunny`, `@mediabunny/*`, and `zod`.

## Previewing markup

``` npx remotion studio --no-open ```

This will start a long-running process and print the server URL for the preview. If server is already started, it will print the URL. You can visit a specific composition by navigating to `/[composition-id]`, for example `http://localhost:3000/MapAnimation`.

## Optional: one-frame render check

You can render a single frame with the CLI to sanity-check layout, colors, or timing. Skip it for trivial edits, pure refactors, or when you already have enough confidence from Studio or prior renders.

```bash npx remotion still [composition-id] --scale=0.25 --frame=30 ```

At 30 fps, `--frame=30` is the one-second mark (`--frame` is zero-based).