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Provides AWS CloudFormation patterns for security infrastructure including KMS encryption, Secrets Manager, IAM security, VPC security, ACM certificates, parameter security, outputs, and secure cross-stack references. Use when implementing security best practices, encrypting data
Provides AWS CloudFormation patterns for security infrastructure including KMS encryption, Secrets Manager, IAM security, VPC security, ACM certificates, parameter security, outputs, and secure cross-stack references. Use when implementing security best practices, encrypting data, managing secrets, applying least privilege IAM policies, securing VPC configurations, managing TLS/SSL certificates, and implementing defense in depth strategies.
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Create production-ready security infrastructure using AWS CloudFormation templates. This skill covers KMS encryption, Secrets Manager, IAM security with least privilege, VPC security configurations, ACM certificates, parameter security, secure outputs, cross-stack references, CloudWatch Logs encryption, defense in depth strategies, and security best practices.
Follow these steps to create security infrastructure with CloudFormation:
Create customer-managed keys for encryption:
Resources:
EncryptionKey:
Type: AWS::KMS::Key
Properties:
Description: Customer-managed key for data encryption
KeyPolicy:
Statement:
- Effect: Allow
Principal:
Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
Action:
- kms:Decrypt
- kms:GenerateDataKey
Resource: "*"
- Effect: Allow
Principal:
AWS: !Sub "arn:aws:iam::${AWS::AccountId}:root"
Action:
- kms:*
Resource: "*"
KeyAlias:
Type: AWS::KMS::Alias
Properties:
AliasName: !Sub "${AWS::StackName}/encryption-key"
TargetKeyId: !Ref EncryptionKey
Validate: aws kms get-key-policy --key-id <key-id> --output text
Store and retrieve sensitive data securely:
Resources:
DatabaseSecret:
Type: AWS::SecretsManager::Secret
Properties:
Name: !Sub "${AWS::StackName}/database"
Description: Database credentials
SecretString: !Sub |
{
"username": "admin",
"password": "${DatabasePassword}",
"engine": "mysql",
"host": "${DatabaseEndpoint}",
"port": 3306
}
KmsKeyId: !Ref EncryptionKey
SecretRotationSchedule:
Type: AWS::SecretsManager::RotationSchedule
Properties:
SecretId: !Ref DatabaseSecret
RotationLambdaARN: !Ref RotationLambda.Arn
RotationRules:
AutomaticallyAfterDays: 30
Validate: aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id <secret-name>
Create roles and policies with minimal required permissions:
Resources:
ExecutionRole:
Type: AWS::IAM::Role
Properties:
AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
Version: "2012-10-17"
Statement:
- Effect: Allow
Principal:
Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
Action: sts:AssumeRole
ManagedPolicyArns:
- arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole
Policies:
- PolicyName: SpecificPermissions
PolicyDocument:
Version: "2012-10-17"
Statement:
- Effect: Allow
Action:
- s3:GetObject
Resource: !Sub "${DataBucket.Arn}/*"
Validate: aws iam simulate-principal-policy --policy-source-arn <role-arn> --action-names s3:GetObject --resource-arns <bucket-arn>
Implement network security with security groups and NACLs:
Resources:
ApplicationSecurityGroup:
Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
Properties:
GroupDescription: Application security group
VpcId: !Ref VPC
SecurityGroupIngress:
- IpProtocol: tcp
FromPort: 443
ToPort: 443
SourceSecurityGroupId: !Ref LoadBalancerSecurityGroup
SecurityGroupEgress:
- IpProtocol: -1
CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0
ApplicationNACL:
Type: AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl
Properties:
VpcId: !Ref VPC
NACLEntry:
Type: AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry
Properties:
NetworkAclId: !Ref ApplicationNACL
RuleNumber: 100
Protocol: "6"
RuleAction: allow
Egress: false
CidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
PortRange:
From: 443
To: 443
Validate: aws ec2 describe-security-groups --group-ids <sg-id> --query 'SecurityGroups[0].IpPermissions'
Manage TLS/SSL certificates for secure communication:
Resources:
Certificate:
Type: AWS::ACM::Certificate
Properties:
DomainName: !Ref DomainName
SubjectAlternativeNames:
- !Sub "www.${DomainName}"
- !Sub "api.${DomainName}"
DomainValidationOptions:
- DomainName: !Ref DomainName
ValidationDomain: !Ref DomainName
Tags:
- Key: Environment
Value: !Ref Environment
# DNS validation record
DnsValidationRecord:
Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSet
Properties:
HostedZoneName: !Ref HostedZone
Name: !Sub "_${DomainName}."
Type: CNAME
TTL: 300
ResourceRecords:
- !Ref Certificate
Validate: aws acm describe-certificate --certificate-arn <arn> --query 'Certificate.Status'
Use SecureString for sensitive parameter values:
Resources:
DatabasePasswordParameter:
Type: AWS::SSM::Parameter
Properties:
Name: !Sub "/${AWS::StackName}/database/password"
Type: SecureString
Value: !Ref DatabasePassword
Description: Database master password
KmsKeyId: !Ref EncryptionKey
# Reference in other resources
DatabaseInstance:
Type: AWS::RDS::DBInstance
Properties:
MasterUsername: admin
MasterUserPassword: !Ref DatabasePasswordParameter
Validate: aws ssm get-parameter --name <param-name> --with-decryption --query 'Parameter.Type'
Export only non-sensitive values from stacks:
Outputs:
# Safe to export
KMSKeyArn:
Description: KMS Key ARN for encryption
Value: !GetAtt EncryptionKey.Arn
Export:
Name: !Sub "${AWS::StackName}-KMSKeyArn"
SecretArn:
Description: Secret ARN (not the secret value)
Value: !Ref DatabaseSecret
Export:
Name: !Sub "${AWS::StackName}-SecretArn"
# DO NOT export sensitive data
# Incorrect:
# SecretValue:
# Value: !GetAtt DatabaseSecret.SecretString
Validate: aws cloudformation list-exports --query "Exports[?Name=='<stack-name>-KMSKeyArn']"
Enable encryption for log groups:
Resources:
EncryptedLogGroup:
Type: AWS::Logs::LogGroup
Properties:
LogGroupName: !Sub "/aws/applications/${ApplicationName}"
RetentionInDays: 30
KmsKeyId: !Ref EncryptionKey
Validate: aws logs describe-log-groups --log-group-name-prefix <prefix> --query 'logGroups[0].kmsKeyId'
Resources:
# KMS Key with proper policy
AppKey:
Type: AWS::KMS::Key
Properties:
KeyPolicy:
Statement:
- Effect: Allow
Principal:
AWS: !Sub "arn:aws:iam::${AWS::AccountId}:root"
Action: kms:*
Resource: "*"
- Effect: Allow
Principal:
Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
Action:
- kms:Decrypt
- kms:GenerateDataKey
Resource: "*"
# Secrets Manager with rotation
DbSecret:
Type: AWS::SecretsManager::Secret
Properties:
SecretString: !Sub '{"password":"${DbPassword}"}'
KmsKeyId: !Ref AppKey
RotationRules:
AutomaticallyAfterDays: 30
Resources:
LambdaRole:
Type: AWS::IAM::Role
Properties:
AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
Version: "2012-10-17"
Statement:
- Effect: Allow
Principal:
Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
Action: sts:AssumeRole
Policies:
- PolicyName: AccessPolicy
PolicyDocument:
Statement:
- Effect: Allow
Action: s3:GetObject
Resource: !Sub "${Bucket.Arn}/*"
For comprehensive examples with VPC security groups, ACM certificates, and complete encrypted infrastructure stacks, see examples.md.
For detailed constraints including cost considerations and quota management, see constraints.md.
For detailed implementation guidance, see:
name: aws-cloudformation-security description: Provides AWS CloudFormation patterns for security infrastructure including KMS encryption, Secrets Manager, IAM security, VPC security, ACM certificates, parameter security, outputs, and secure cross-stack references. Use when implementing security best practices, encrypting data, managing secrets, applying least privilege IAM policies, securing VPC configurations, managing TLS/SSL certificates, and implementing defense in depth strategies. allowed-tools: Read, Write, Bash
---
name: aws-cloudformation-security
description: Provides AWS CloudFormation patterns for security infrastructure including KMS encryption, Secrets Manager, IAM security, VPC security, ACM certificates, parameter security, outputs, and secure cross-stack references. Use when implementing security best practices, encrypting data, managing secrets, applying least privilege IAM policies, securing VPC configurations, managing TLS/SSL certificates, and implementing defense in depth strategies.
allowed-tools: Read, Write, Bash
---
# AWS CloudFormation Security Infrastructure
## Overview
Create production-ready security infrastructure using AWS CloudFormation templates. This skill covers KMS encryption, Secrets Manager, IAM security with least privilege, VPC security configurations, ACM certificates, parameter security, secure outputs, cross-stack references, CloudWatch Logs encryption, defense in depth strategies, and security best practices.
## When to Use
- Implementing KMS encryption at rest and in transit
- Managing secrets with Secrets Manager and automatic rotation
- Applying IAM least privilege policies and permission boundaries
- Securing VPC with security groups, NACLs, and VPC endpoints
- Managing TLS/SSL certificates with ACM
- Encrypting CloudWatch Logs and S3 buckets
- Creating secure cross-stack references and outputs
## Instructions
Follow these steps to create security infrastructure with CloudFormation:
### 1. Define KMS Encryption Keys
Create customer-managed keys for encryption:
```yaml
Resources:
EncryptionKey:
Type: AWS::KMS::Key
Properties:
Description: Customer-managed key for data encryption
KeyPolicy:
Statement:
- Effect: Allow
Principal:
Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
Action:
- kms:Decrypt
- kms:GenerateDataKey
Resource: "*"
- Effect: Allow
Principal:
AWS: !Sub "arn:aws:iam::${AWS::AccountId}:root"
Action:
- kms:*
Resource: "*"
KeyAlias:
Type: AWS::KMS::Alias
Properties:
AliasName: !Sub "${AWS::StackName}/encryption-key"
TargetKeyId: !Ref EncryptionKey
```
**Validate:** `aws kms get-key-policy --key-id <key-id> --output text`
### 2. Manage Secrets with Secrets Manager
Store and retrieve sensitive data securely:
```yaml
Resources:
DatabaseSecret:
Type: AWS::SecretsManager::Secret
Properties:
Name: !Sub "${AWS::StackName}/database"
Description: Database credentials
SecretString: !Sub |
{
"username": "admin",
"password": "${DatabasePassword}",
"engine": "mysql",
"host": "${DatabaseEndpoint}",
"port": 3306
}
KmsKeyId: !Ref EncryptionKey
SecretRotationSchedule:
Type: AWS::SecretsManager::RotationSchedule
Properties:
SecretId: !Ref DatabaseSecret
RotationLambdaARN: !Ref RotationLambda.Arn
RotationRules:
AutomaticallyAfterDays: 30
```
**Validate:** `aws secretsmanager describe-secret --secret-id <secret-name>`
### 3. Apply IAM Least Privilege
Create roles and policies with minimal required permissions:
```yaml
Resources:
ExecutionRole:
Type: AWS::IAM::Role
Properties:
AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
Version: "2012-10-17"
Statement:
- Effect: Allow
Principal:
Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
Action: sts:AssumeRole
ManagedPolicyArns:
- arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole
Policies:
- PolicyName: SpecificPermissions
PolicyDocument:
Version: "2012-10-17"
Statement:
- Effect: Allow
Action:
- s3:GetObject
Resource: !Sub "${DataBucket.Arn}/*"
```
**Validate:** `aws iam simulate-principal-policy --policy-source-arn <role-arn> --action-names s3:GetObject --resource-arns <bucket-arn>`
### 4. Secure VPC Configuration
Implement network security with security groups and NACLs:
```yaml
Resources:
ApplicationSecurityGroup:
Type: AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup
Properties:
GroupDescription: Application security group
VpcId: !Ref VPC
SecurityGroupIngress:
- IpProtocol: tcp
FromPort: 443
ToPort: 443
SourceSecurityGroupId: !Ref LoadBalancerSecurityGroup
SecurityGroupEgress:
- IpProtocol: -1
CidrIp: 0.0.0.0/0
ApplicationNACL:
Type: AWS::EC2::NetworkAcl
Properties:
VpcId: !Ref VPC
NACLEntry:
Type: AWS::EC2::NetworkAclEntry
Properties:
NetworkAclId: !Ref ApplicationNACL
RuleNumber: 100
Protocol: "6"
RuleAction: allow
Egress: false
CidrBlock: 0.0.0.0/0
PortRange:
From: 443
To: 443
```
**Validate:** `aws ec2 describe-security-groups --group-ids <sg-id> --query 'SecurityGroups[0].IpPermissions'`
### 5. Request ACM Certificates
Manage TLS/SSL certificates for secure communication:
```yaml
Resources:
Certificate:
Type: AWS::ACM::Certificate
Properties:
DomainName: !Ref DomainName
SubjectAlternativeNames:
- !Sub "www.${DomainName}"
- !Sub "api.${DomainName}"
DomainValidationOptions:
- DomainName: !Ref DomainName
ValidationDomain: !Ref DomainName
Tags:
- Key: Environment
Value: !Ref Environment
# DNS validation record
DnsValidationRecord:
Type: AWS::Route53::RecordSet
Properties:
HostedZoneName: !Ref HostedZone
Name: !Sub "_${DomainName}."
Type: CNAME
TTL: 300
ResourceRecords:
- !Ref Certificate
```
**Validate:** `aws acm describe-certificate --certificate-arn <arn> --query 'Certificate.Status'`
### 6. Implement Secure Parameters
Use SecureString for sensitive parameter values:
```yaml
Resources:
DatabasePasswordParameter:
Type: AWS::SSM::Parameter
Properties:
Name: !Sub "/${AWS::StackName}/database/password"
Type: SecureString
Value: !Ref DatabasePassword
Description: Database master password
KmsKeyId: !Ref EncryptionKey
# Reference in other resources
DatabaseInstance:
Type: AWS::RDS::DBInstance
Properties:
MasterUsername: admin
MasterUserPassword: !Ref DatabasePasswordParameter
```
**Validate:** `aws ssm get-parameter --name <param-name> --with-decryption --query 'Parameter.Type'`
### 7. Create Secure Outputs
Export only non-sensitive values from stacks:
```yaml
Outputs:
# Safe to export
KMSKeyArn:
Description: KMS Key ARN for encryption
Value: !GetAtt EncryptionKey.Arn
Export:
Name: !Sub "${AWS::StackName}-KMSKeyArn"
SecretArn:
Description: Secret ARN (not the secret value)
Value: !Ref DatabaseSecret
Export:
Name: !Sub "${AWS::StackName}-SecretArn"
# DO NOT export sensitive data
# Incorrect:
# SecretValue:
# Value: !GetAtt DatabaseSecret.SecretString
```
**Validate:** `aws cloudformation list-exports --query "Exports[?Name=='<stack-name>-KMSKeyArn']"`
### 8. Encrypt CloudWatch Logs
Enable encryption for log groups:
```yaml
Resources:
EncryptedLogGroup:
Type: AWS::Logs::LogGroup
Properties:
LogGroupName: !Sub "/aws/applications/${ApplicationName}"
RetentionInDays: 30
KmsKeyId: !Ref EncryptionKey
```
**Validate:** `aws logs describe-log-groups --log-group-name-prefix <prefix> --query 'logGroups[0].kmsKeyId'`
## Best Practices
- **KMS**: Use separate keys per data classification; enable annual key rotation; use customer-managed keys for compliance
- **Secrets**: Rotate automatically (30 days for databases); never store secrets in plain text; use IAM policies for access control
- **IAM**: Apply least privilege; use roles not access keys; enable MFA; implement permission boundaries
- **Network**: Prefer security groups over NACLs; use VPC endpoints; restrict by specific CIDR ranges
- **Certificates**: Use ACM for automatic renewal; DNS validation is faster than email
- **Encryption**: Encrypt at rest and in transit; TLS 1.2+ required; use SSE-KMS for S3
## Examples
### Complete KMS and Secrets Stack
```yaml
Resources:
# KMS Key with proper policy
AppKey:
Type: AWS::KMS::Key
Properties:
KeyPolicy:
Statement:
- Effect: Allow
Principal:
AWS: !Sub "arn:aws:iam::${AWS::AccountId}:root"
Action: kms:*
Resource: "*"
- Effect: Allow
Principal:
Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
Action:
- kms:Decrypt
- kms:GenerateDataKey
Resource: "*"
# Secrets Manager with rotation
DbSecret:
Type: AWS::SecretsManager::Secret
Properties:
SecretString: !Sub '{"password":"${DbPassword}"}'
KmsKeyId: !Ref AppKey
RotationRules:
AutomaticallyAfterDays: 30
```
### IAM Least Privilege Role
```yaml
Resources:
LambdaRole:
Type: AWS::IAM::Role
Properties:
AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
Version: "2012-10-17"
Statement:
- Effect: Allow
Principal:
Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
Action: sts:AssumeRole
Policies:
- PolicyName: AccessPolicy
PolicyDocument:
Statement:
- Effect: Allow
Action: s3:GetObject
Resource: !Sub "${Bucket.Arn}/*"
```
For comprehensive examples with VPC security groups, ACM certificates, and complete encrypted infrastructure stacks, see [examples.md](references/examples.md).
## Constraints and Warnings
### Resource Limits
- Security groups: max 60 inbound + 60 outbound rules
- NACLs: max 20 inbound + 20 outbound rules per subnet
- VPCs: max 5 per region (soft limit)
- Key rotation: annual for KMS customer-managed keys
### Security Constraints
- NACLs are **stateless**: return traffic must be explicitly allowed
- Default security groups cannot be deleted
- Security group references cannot span VPC peering (use CIDR)
- Cross-account access requires both IAM and resource policies
### Operational Warnings
- Secrets rotation requires Lambda function with proper IAM permissions
- KMS key deletion requires pending window (7-30 days)
- ACM certificates need DNS validation before issuance
- VPC CIDR blocks cannot overlap with peered VPCs
For detailed constraints including cost considerations and quota management, see [constraints.md](references/constraints.md).
## References
For detailed implementation guidance, see:
- **[examples.md](references/examples.md)** - Complete KMS stacks, Secrets Manager with rotation, IAM least privilege roles, VPC security groups, ACM certificates, and encrypted infrastructure
- **[constraints.md](references/constraints.md)** - Resource limits, security constraints, operational constraints, network constraints, cost considerations, and access control constraints
Skill source recorded
Skill instructions are recorded. This is not a runtime test, safety guarantee or compatibility certification.
Review before install: Avoid automatic install
License: MIT
Listed tools are metadata hints, not tested compatibility. Agent prompts are suggested handoffs.
Repository metadata and review signals are advisory. Popularity, source discovery and successful execution are different facts.
Version reported in registry metadata; check source releases before relying on it.
Quality
72/100
Strong
Trust
57
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"The KMS key policy example grants access to lambda.amazonaws.com without specifying an account, which could be overly permissive if not scoped correctly.",
"Quality score needs review",
"Permission surface needs review: secrets or environment access, shell or command execution",
"Stars/forks activity: 339 stars, 39 forks; issue activity unavailable in current metadata",
"Dependency/runtime risk: command execution surface, credential or environment access",
"Permission surface: secrets or environment access, shell or command execution"
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},
"agent_proven": {
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"summary": "No agent outcome reports yet. Use Resolve, run one narrow sandbox task, then report the result.",
"metrics": {
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"productionOutcomes": 0,
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"signals": [],
"penalties": [
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},
"audit": {
"score": 76,
"risk_level": "needs_review",
"risk_label": "Needs review",
"warnings": [
"Dependency or permission surface needs review",
"Permission surface may require sandboxing",
"The KMS key policy example grants access to lambda.amazonaws.com without specifying an account, which could be overly permissive if not scoped correctly.",
"The skill does not explicitly mention prerequisites or required AWS CLI setup, which might be assumed.",
"Quality score needs review",
"Permission surface needs review: secrets or environment access, shell or command execution",
"Stars/forks activity: 339 stars, 39 forks; issue activity unavailable in current metadata",
"Dependency/runtime risk: command execution surface, credential or environment access"
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"label": "Blocked for auto-install",
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"score": 72,
"label": "Strong"
},
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"scenario": "Coding agents",
"maintenance": "29d since push",
"risk": "Needs review"
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{
"slug": "projectdiscovery-nuclei",
"name": "Nuclei",
"url": "https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/projectdiscovery-nuclei",
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{
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"stars": 27445,
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"trust_score": 82,
"audit_score": 87
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"The KMS key policy example grants access to lambda.amazonaws.com without specifying an account, which could be overly permissive if not scoped correctly.",
"High-risk permission hints: Shell or command execution, Secrets or environment access",
"Dependency or permission surface needs review",
"Permission surface may require sandboxing",
"The skill does not explicitly mention prerequisites or required AWS CLI setup, which might be assumed.",
"Quality score needs review"
],
"agent_contract": {
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"Audit: 76/100 Needs review",
"Safety: 36/100 Avoid automatic install",
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"not_relevant",
"blocked_by_risk",
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"skill_slug": "giuseppe-trisciuoglio-aws-cloudformation-security",
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"audit": "https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/giuseppe-trisciuoglio-aws-cloudformation-security/audit",
"eval": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/evals?slug=giuseppe-trisciuoglio-aws-cloudformation-security&task=Use%20aws-cloudformation-security%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&max_risk=medium",
"resolve": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/resolve?task=Use%20aws-cloudformation-security%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&agent=codex&max_risk=medium",
"receipt": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/receipt?task=Use%20aws-cloudformation-security%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&agent=codex&max_risk=medium&format=text",
"install": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/skills/giuseppe-trisciuoglio-aws-cloudformation-security/install",
"manifest": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/registry/manifest/giuseppe-trisciuoglio-aws-cloudformation-security"
}
}Listing source
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Do not auto-install
Audit
76/100
Needs review
Copies are not installs. Installation counts require a reported successful installation; they are not a blanket quality guarantee.