--- name: golang-context description: "Idiomatic context.Context usage in Golang — propagation through API boundaries, cancellation, timeouts and deadlines, request-scoped values, context.WithoutCancel for background work outliving requests. Apply when designing context propagation across layers, debugging leaked or unexpired contexts, choosing between context.Background/TODO/WithoutCancel, or storing values in context. Not for code that merely accepts ctx as first parameter." user-invocable: true license: MIT compatibility: Designed for Claude Code, Codex or similar harness, and for projects using Golang. metadata: author: samber version: "1.3.0" openclaw: emoji: "🔗" homepage: https://github.com/samber/cc-skills-golang requires: bins: - go install: [] allowed-tools: Read Edit Write Glob Grep Bash(go:*) Bash(golangci-lint:*) Bash(git:*) Agent paths: - "**/*.go" ---

> **Community default.** A company skill that explicitly supersedes `samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-context` skill takes precedence.

# Go context.Context Best Practices

`context.Context` is Go's mechanism for propagating cancellation signals, deadlines, and request-scoped values across API boundaries and between goroutines. Think of it as the "session" of a request — it ties together every operation that belongs to the same unit of work.

## Best Practices Summary

1. The same context MUST be propagated through the entire request lifecycle: HTTP handler → service → DB → external APIs 2. `ctx` MUST be the first parameter, named `ctx context.Context` 3. NEVER store context in a struct — pass explicitly through function parameters 4. NEVER pass `nil` context — use `context.TODO()` if unsure 5. `cancel()` MUST be called on all control-flow paths for `WithCancel`/`WithTimeout`/`WithDeadline`, unless ownership of the context and cancel function is explicitly returned or transferred 6. `context.Background()` MUST only be used at the top level (main, init, tests) 7. **Use `context.TODO()`** as a placeholder when you know a context is needed but don't have one yet 8. NEVER create a new `context.Background()` in the middle of a request path 9. Context value keys MUST be unexported types to prevent collisions 10. Context values MUST only carry request-scoped metadata — NEVER function parameters 11. **Use `context.WithoutCancel`** (Go 1.21+) when spawning background work that must outlive the parent request

## Creating Contexts

| Situation | Use | | --- | --- | | Entry point (main, init, test) | `context.Background()` | | Function needs context but caller doesn't provide one yet | `context.TODO()` | | Inside an HTTP handler | `r.Context()` | | Need cancellation control | `context.WithCancel(parentCtx)` | | Need a deadline/timeout | `context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, duration)` |

## Context Propagation: The Core Principle

The most important rule: **propagate the same context through the entire call chain**. When you propagate correctly, cancelling the parent context cancels all downstream work automatically.

```go // ✗ Bad — creates a new context, breaking the chain func (s *OrderService) Create(ctx context.Context, order Order) error { return s.db.ExecContext(context.Background(), "INSERT INTO orders ...", order.ID) }

// ✓ Good — propagates the caller's context func (s *OrderService) Create(ctx context.Context, order Order) error { return s.db.ExecContext(ctx, "INSERT INTO orders ...", order.ID) } ```

## Deep Dives

- **[Cancellation, Timeouts & Deadlines](./references/cancellation.md)** — How cancellation propagates: `WithCancel` for manual cancellation, `WithTimeout` for automatic cancellation after a duration, `WithDeadline` for absolute time deadlines. Patterns for listening (`<-ctx.Done()`) in concurrent code, `AfterFunc` callbacks, and `WithoutCancel` for operations that must outlive their parent request (e.g., audit logs).

- **[Context Values & Cross-Service Tracing](./references/values-tracing.md)** — Safe context value patterns: unexported key types to prevent namespace collisions, when to use context values (request ID, user ID) vs function parameters. Trace context propagation: OpenTelemetry trace headers, correlation IDs for log aggregation, and marshaling/unmarshaling context across service boundaries.

- **[Context in HTTP Servers & Service Calls](./references/http-services.md)** — HTTP handler context: `r.Context()` for request-scoped cancellation, middleware integration, and propagating to services. HTTP client patterns: `NewRequestWithContext`, client timeouts, and retries with context awareness. Database operations: always use `*Context` variants (`QueryContext`, `ExecContext`) to respect deadlines.

## Cross-References

- → See the `samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-concurrency` skill for goroutine cancellation patterns using context - → See the `samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-database` skill for context-aware database operations (QueryContext, ExecContext) - → See the `samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-observability` skill for trace context propagation with OpenTelemetry - → See the `samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-design-patterns` skill for timeout and resilience patterns

## Enforce with Linters

Many context pitfalls are caught automatically by linters: `govet`, `staticcheck`. → See the `samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-lint` skill for configuration and usage.