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upgrade-stellar-contracts
Upgrade Stellar/Soroban smart contracts using OpenZeppelin's upgradeable module. Use when users need to: (1) make Soroban contracts upgradeable via native WASM replacement, (2) use Upgradeable or UpgradeableMigratable derive macros, (3) implement atomic upgrade-and-migrate patter
Ringkasan
Upgrade Stellar/Soroban smart contracts using OpenZeppelin's upgradeable module. Use when users need to: (1) make Soroban contracts upgradeable via native WASM replacement, (2) use Upgradeable or UpgradeableMigratable derive macros, (3) implement atomic upgrade-and-migrate patterns with an Upgrader contract, (4) ensure storage key compatibility across upgrades, or (5) test upgrade paths for Soroban contracts.
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Stellar Upgrades
Contents
Soroban Upgrade Model
Soroban contracts are mutable by default. Mutability refers to the ability of a smart contract to modify its own WASM bytecode, altering its function interface, execution logic, or metadata. Soroban provides a built-in, protocol-level mechanism for contract upgrades — no proxy pattern is needed.
A contract can upgrade itself if it is explicitly designed to do so. Conversely, a contract becomes immutable simply by not provisioning any upgrade function. This is fundamentally different from EVM proxy patterns:
| Soroban | EVM (proxy pattern) | Starknet | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mechanism | Native WASM bytecode replacement | Proxy delegatecalls to implementation contract | replace_class_syscall swaps class hash in-place |
| Proxy contract needed | No — the contract upgrades itself | Yes — a proxy sits in front of the implementation | No — the contract upgrades itself |
| Storage location | Belongs to the contract directly | Lives in the proxy, accessed via delegatecall | Belongs to the contract directly |
| Opt-in to immutability | Don't expose an upgrade function | Don't deploy a proxy | Don't call the syscall |
One advantage of protocol-level upgradeability is a significantly reduced risk surface compared to platforms that require proxy contracts and delegatecall forwarding.
The new implementation only becomes effective after the current invocation completes. This means if migration logic is defined in the new implementation, it cannot execute within the same call as the upgrade. An auxiliary Upgrader contract can wrap both calls to achieve atomicity (see below).
Using the OpenZeppelin Upgradeable Module
OpenZeppelin Stellar Soroban Contracts provides an upgradeable module in the contract-utils package with two main components:
| Component | Use when |
|---|---|
Upgradeable | Only the WASM binary needs to be updated — no storage migration required |
UpgradeableMigratable | The WASM binary and specific storage entries need to be modified during the upgrade |
The recommended way to use these is through derive macros: #[derive(Upgradeable)] and #[derive(UpgradeableMigratable)]. These macros handle the implementation of necessary functions and set the crate version from Cargo.toml as the binary version in WASM metadata, aligning with SEP-49 guidelines.
Upgrade only
Derive Upgradeable on the contract struct, then implement UpgradeableInternal with a single required method:
_require_auth(e: &Env, operator: &Address)— verify the operator is authorized to perform the upgrade (e.g., check against a stored owner address)
The operator parameter is the invoker of the upgrade function and can be used for role-based access control.
Upgrade and migrate
Derive UpgradeableMigratable on the contract struct, then implement UpgradeableMigratableInternal with:
- An associated
MigrationDatatype defining the data passed to the migration function _require_auth(e, operator)— same authorization check as above_migrate(e: &Env, data: &Self::MigrationData)— perform storage modifications using the provided migration data
The derive macro ensures that migration can only be invoked after a successful upgrade, preventing state inconsistencies and storage corruption.
Atomic upgrade and migration
Because the new implementation only takes effect after the current invocation completes, migration logic in the new contract cannot run in the same call as the upgrade. An auxiliary Upgrader contract wraps both calls atomically:
use soroban_sdk::{contract, contractimpl, symbol_short, Address, BytesN, Env, Val};
use stellar_contract_utils::upgradeable::UpgradeableClient;
#[contract]
pub struct Upgrader;
#[contractimpl]
impl Upgrader {
pub fn upgrade_and_migrate(
env: Env,
contract_address: Address,
operator: Address,
wasm_hash: BytesN<32>,
migration_data: soroban_sdk::Vec<Val>,
) {
operator.require_auth();
let contract_client = UpgradeableClient::new(&env, &contract_address);
contract_client.upgrade(&wasm_hash, &operator);
env.invoke_contract::<()>(
&contract_address,
&symbol_short!("migrate"),
migration_data,
);
}
}
Guard upgrade_and_migrate with proper access control (e.g., Ownable from the access package with #[only_owner]).
If a rollback is required, the contract can be upgraded to a newer version where rollback-specific logic is defined and performed as a migration.
Examples: See the
examples/directory of the stellar-contracts repository for full working integration examples of bothUpgradeableandUpgradeableMigratable, including theUpgraderpattern.
Access Control
The upgradeable module deliberately does not embed access control itself. You must define authorization in the _require_auth method of UpgradeableInternal or UpgradeableMigratableInternal. Forgetting this allows anyone to replace your contract's code.
Common access control options:
- Ownable — single owner, simplest pattern (available in the
accesspackage) - AccessControl / RBAC — role-based, finer granularity (available in the
accesspackage) - Multisig or governance — for production contracts managing significant value
Upgrade Safety
Caveats
The framework structures the upgrade flow but does not perform deeper checks:
- The new contract's constructor will not be invoked — any initialization must happen via migration or a separate call
- There is no automatic check that the new contract includes an upgrade mechanism — an upgrade to a contract without one permanently loses upgradeability
- Storage consistency is not verified — the new contract may inadvertently introduce storage mismatches
Storage compatibility
When replacing the WASM binary, existing storage is reinterpreted by the new code. Incompatible changes corrupt state:
- Do not remove or rename existing storage keys
- Do not change the type of values stored under existing keys
- Adding new storage keys is safe
- Soroban storage uses explicit string keys (e.g.,
symbol_short!("OWNER")), so key naming is critical — unlike EVM sequential slots, there is no ordering dependency
Version tracking
The derive macros automatically extract the crate version from Cargo.toml and embed it as the binary version in the WASM metadata, following SEP-49. This enables on-chain version tracking and can be used to coordinate upgrade paths.
Testing upgrade paths
Before upgrading a production contract:
- Deploy V1 on a local Soroban testnet (e.g.,
stellar-cliwith local network) - Write state with V1, upgrade to V2, and verify that all existing state reads correctly
- Verify new functionality works as expected after the upgrade
- Confirm access control — only authorized callers can invoke
upgrade - Check that V2 includes an upgrade mechanism — otherwise upgradeability is permanently lost
- Verify storage key compatibility — ensure no removals, renames, or type changes to existing keys
- Test atomic upgrade-and-migrate using the
Upgraderpattern if migration is needed - Manual review — there is no automated storage compatibility validation for Soroban; use the derive macros for safe upgrade scaffolding and rely on testnet testing
Metadata berkas
name: upgrade-stellar-contracts description: "Upgrade Stellar/Soroban smart contracts using OpenZeppelin's upgradeable module. Use when users need to: (1) make Soroban contracts upgradeable via native WASM replacement, (2) use Upgradeable or UpgradeableMigratable derive macros, (3) implement atomic upgrade-and-migrate patterns with an Upgrader contract, (4) ensure storage key compatibility across upgrades, or (5) test upgrade paths for Soroban contracts." license: AGPL-3.0-only metadata: author: OpenZeppelin
Lihat teks asli
---
name: upgrade-stellar-contracts
description: "Upgrade Stellar/Soroban smart contracts using OpenZeppelin's upgradeable module. Use when users need to: (1) make Soroban contracts upgradeable via native WASM replacement, (2) use Upgradeable or UpgradeableMigratable derive macros, (3) implement atomic upgrade-and-migrate patterns with an Upgrader contract, (4) ensure storage key compatibility across upgrades, or (5) test upgrade paths for Soroban contracts."
license: AGPL-3.0-only
metadata:
author: OpenZeppelin
---
# Stellar Upgrades
## Contents
- [Soroban Upgrade Model](#soroban-upgrade-model)
- [Using the OpenZeppelin Upgradeable Module](#using-the-openzeppelin-upgradeable-module)
- [Access Control](#access-control)
- [Upgrade Safety](#upgrade-safety)
## Soroban Upgrade Model
Soroban contracts are **mutable by default**. Mutability refers to the ability of a smart contract to modify its own WASM bytecode, altering its function interface, execution logic, or metadata. Soroban provides a **built-in, protocol-level mechanism** for contract upgrades — no proxy pattern is needed.
A contract can upgrade itself if it is explicitly designed to do so. Conversely, a contract becomes immutable simply by not provisioning any upgrade function. This is fundamentally different from EVM proxy patterns:
| | Soroban | EVM (proxy pattern) | Starknet |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Mechanism** | Native WASM bytecode replacement | Proxy `delegatecall`s to implementation contract | `replace_class_syscall` swaps class hash in-place |
| **Proxy contract needed** | No — the contract upgrades itself | Yes — a proxy sits in front of the implementation | No — the contract upgrades itself |
| **Storage location** | Belongs to the contract directly | Lives in the proxy, accessed via delegatecall | Belongs to the contract directly |
| **Opt-in to immutability** | Don't expose an upgrade function | Don't deploy a proxy | Don't call the syscall |
One advantage of protocol-level upgradeability is a significantly reduced risk surface compared to platforms that require proxy contracts and delegatecall forwarding.
The new implementation only becomes effective **after the current invocation completes**. This means if migration logic is defined in the new implementation, it cannot execute within the same call as the upgrade. An auxiliary `Upgrader` contract can wrap both calls to achieve atomicity (see below).
## Using the OpenZeppelin Upgradeable Module
OpenZeppelin Stellar Soroban Contracts provides an `upgradeable` module in the `contract-utils` package with two main components:
| Component | Use when |
|-----------|----------|
| **`Upgradeable`** | Only the WASM binary needs to be updated — no storage migration required |
| **`UpgradeableMigratable`** | The WASM binary and specific storage entries need to be modified during the upgrade |
The recommended way to use these is through derive macros: `#[derive(Upgradeable)]` and `#[derive(UpgradeableMigratable)]`. These macros handle the implementation of necessary functions and set the crate version from `Cargo.toml` as the binary version in WASM metadata, aligning with SEP-49 guidelines.
### Upgrade only
Derive `Upgradeable` on the contract struct, then implement `UpgradeableInternal` with a single required method:
- `_require_auth(e: &Env, operator: &Address)` — verify the operator is authorized to perform the upgrade (e.g., check against a stored owner address)
The `operator` parameter is the invoker of the upgrade function and can be used for role-based access control.
### Upgrade and migrate
Derive `UpgradeableMigratable` on the contract struct, then implement `UpgradeableMigratableInternal` with:
- An associated `MigrationData` type defining the data passed to the migration function
- `_require_auth(e, operator)` — same authorization check as above
- `_migrate(e: &Env, data: &Self::MigrationData)` — perform storage modifications using the provided migration data
The derive macro ensures that migration can only be invoked **after** a successful upgrade, preventing state inconsistencies and storage corruption.
### Atomic upgrade and migration
Because the new implementation only takes effect after the current invocation completes, migration logic in the new contract cannot run in the same call as the upgrade. An auxiliary `Upgrader` contract wraps both calls atomically:
```rust
use soroban_sdk::{contract, contractimpl, symbol_short, Address, BytesN, Env, Val};
use stellar_contract_utils::upgradeable::UpgradeableClient;
#[contract]
pub struct Upgrader;
#[contractimpl]
impl Upgrader {
pub fn upgrade_and_migrate(
env: Env,
contract_address: Address,
operator: Address,
wasm_hash: BytesN<32>,
migration_data: soroban_sdk::Vec<Val>,
) {
operator.require_auth();
let contract_client = UpgradeableClient::new(&env, &contract_address);
contract_client.upgrade(&wasm_hash, &operator);
env.invoke_contract::<()>(
&contract_address,
&symbol_short!("migrate"),
migration_data,
);
}
}
```
Guard `upgrade_and_migrate` with proper access control (e.g., `Ownable` from the `access` package with `#[only_owner]`).
If a rollback is required, the contract can be upgraded to a newer version where rollback-specific logic is defined and performed as a migration.
> **Examples:** See the `examples/` directory of the [stellar-contracts repository](https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/stellar-contracts) for full working integration examples of both `Upgradeable` and `UpgradeableMigratable`, including the `Upgrader` pattern.
## Access Control
The `upgradeable` module deliberately does **not** embed access control itself. You must define authorization in the `_require_auth` method of `UpgradeableInternal` or `UpgradeableMigratableInternal`. Forgetting this allows anyone to replace your contract's code.
Common access control options:
- **Ownable** — single owner, simplest pattern (available in the `access` package)
- **AccessControl / RBAC** — role-based, finer granularity (available in the `access` package)
- **Multisig or governance** — for production contracts managing significant value
## Upgrade Safety
### Caveats
The framework structures the upgrade flow but does **not** perform deeper checks:
- The new contract's **constructor will not be invoked** — any initialization must happen via migration or a separate call
- There is **no automatic check** that the new contract includes an upgrade mechanism — an upgrade to a contract without one permanently loses upgradeability
- **Storage consistency is not verified** — the new contract may inadvertently introduce storage mismatches
### Storage compatibility
When replacing the WASM binary, existing storage is reinterpreted by the new code. Incompatible changes corrupt state:
- **Do not remove or rename** existing storage keys
- **Do not change the type** of values stored under existing keys
- **Adding** new storage keys is safe
- Soroban storage uses explicit string keys (e.g., `symbol_short!("OWNER")`), so key naming is critical — unlike EVM sequential slots, there is no ordering dependency
### Version tracking
The derive macros automatically extract the crate version from `Cargo.toml` and embed it as the binary version in the WASM metadata, following SEP-49. This enables on-chain version tracking and can be used to coordinate upgrade paths.
### Testing upgrade paths
Before upgrading a production contract:
- [ ] **Deploy V1** on a local Soroban testnet (e.g., `stellar-cli` with local network)
- [ ] **Write state with V1**, upgrade to V2, and verify that all existing state reads correctly
- [ ] **Verify new functionality** works as expected after the upgrade
- [ ] **Confirm access control** — only authorized callers can invoke `upgrade`
- [ ] **Check that V2 includes an upgrade mechanism** — otherwise upgradeability is permanently lost
- [ ] **Verify storage key compatibility** — ensure no removals, renames, or type changes to existing keys
- [ ] **Test atomic upgrade-and-migrate** using the `Upgrader` pattern if migration is needed
- [ ] **Manual review** — there is no automated storage compatibility validation for Soroban; use the derive macros for safe upgrade scaffolding and rely on testnet testing
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- 1 Sep 2026
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- skills/upgrade-stellar-contracts/SKILL.md @ 6f215af60eb6
Versi dilaporkan dalam metadata direktori; periksa rilis sumber.
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67/100
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- Dependency or permission surface needs review
- Permission surface may require sandboxing
- Financial research output is not financial advice; require human review before any live investment decision
- Financial research output is not financial advice; require human review before any live investment decision.
- Quality score needs review
- Permission surface needs review: secrets or environment access, shell or command execution
- Stars/forks activity: 208 stars, 29 forks; issue activity unavailable in current metadata
- Dependency/runtime risk: command execution surface, credential or environment access
- Permission surface: secrets or environment access, shell or command execution
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"allowed": false,
"sandbox_required": true,
"reason": "Do not auto-install. Inspect the source, dependencies, and permission surface first."
},
"best_for": [
"coding-agents",
"agent-skill"
],
"known_risks": [
"Financial research output is not financial advice; require human review before any live investment decision.",
"Quality score needs review",
"Permission surface needs review: secrets or environment access, shell or command execution",
"Stars/forks activity: 208 stars, 29 forks; issue activity unavailable in current metadata",
"Dependency/runtime risk: command execution surface, credential or environment access",
"Permission surface: secrets or environment access, shell or command execution"
]
},
"agent_proven": {
"version": "agent-proven-v1",
"score": 0,
"tier": "unproven",
"label": "Needs first agent run",
"summary": "No agent outcome reports yet. Use Resolve, run one narrow sandbox task, then report the result.",
"metrics": {
"totalOutcomes": 0,
"successfulOutcomes": 0,
"failedOutcomes": 0,
"installAttempts": 0,
"installSuccessRate": null,
"successRate": null,
"recentSuccessRate": null,
"recentFailureRate": null,
"riskBlocked": 0,
"setupRequired": 0,
"notRelevant": 0,
"avgOutputQuality": null,
"avgTimeToUsefulMs": null,
"productionOutcomes": 0,
"humanReviewRequired": 0,
"uniqueAgents": 0,
"lastOutcomeAt": null
},
"signals": [],
"penalties": [
"No real agent outcome evidence yet"
]
},
"audit": {
"score": 75,
"risk_level": "needs_review",
"risk_label": "Needs review",
"warnings": [
"Dependency or permission surface needs review",
"Permission surface may require sandboxing",
"Financial research output is not financial advice; require human review before any live investment decision",
"Financial research output is not financial advice; require human review before any live investment decision.",
"Quality score needs review",
"Permission surface needs review: secrets or environment access, shell or command execution",
"Stars/forks activity: 208 stars, 29 forks; issue activity unavailable in current metadata",
"Dependency/runtime risk: command execution surface, credential or environment access"
]
},
"safety_gate": {
"tier": "blocked",
"label": "Blocked for auto-install",
"auto_install_policy": "block",
"auto_install_allowed": false,
"human_review_required": true,
"blocked": true,
"recommended_action": "Do not auto-install. Inspect the source, dependencies, and permission surface first."
},
"quality": {
"score": 67,
"label": "Promising"
},
"supply": {
"track": "Coding and developer agents",
"scenario": "Coding agents",
"maintenance": "1mo since push",
"risk": "Needs review"
},
"alternative_skills": [],
"do_not_use_when": [
"teams that need a vendor-supported SLA",
"high-compliance environments without internal security review",
"No major risk signals from current metadata",
"High-risk permission hints: Shell or command execution, Secrets or environment access",
"Dependency or permission surface needs review",
"Permission surface may require sandboxing",
"Financial research output is not financial advice; require human review before any live investment decision",
"Financial research output is not financial advice; require human review before any live investment decision."
],
"agent_contract": {
"task_input": "Use upgrade-stellar-contracts in an agent workflow",
"recommended_action": "Do not auto-install. Inspect the source, dependencies, and permission surface first.",
"install_policy": "block",
"minimum_review_before_use": [
"Trust: 71/100 Manual review",
"Audit: 75/100 Needs review",
"Safety: 31/100 Avoid automatic install",
"Review repository, license, install command, and permission surface before production use."
],
"expected_agent_output": {
"selected_skill": "openzeppelin-upgrade-stellar-contracts (upgrade-stellar-contracts)",
"install_command": "npx skills add OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-skills --skill upgrade-stellar-contracts",
"risk_summary": "Needs review; Blocked for auto-install; Review before production",
"verification_result": "Report the smallest successful task, files touched, warnings, and any missing setup."
}
},
"outcome_feedback": {
"endpoint": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/outcome",
"method": "POST",
"requires_resolve_event_id": true,
"event_id_source": "Use install_receipt.outcome_feedback.event_id or feedback.event_id returned by /api/agent/resolve for the current task.",
"expected_outcomes": [
"success",
"failed",
"not_relevant",
"blocked_by_risk",
"setup_required"
],
"payload_template": {
"event_id": "<install_receipt.outcome_feedback.event_id or feedback.event_id from /api/agent/resolve>",
"skill_slug": "openzeppelin-upgrade-stellar-contracts",
"task": "Use upgrade-stellar-contracts in an agent workflow",
"agent": "codex",
"outcome": "success",
"install_used": true,
"risk_blocked": false,
"setup_required": false,
"task_success": true,
"output_quality": 4,
"error_type": null,
"human_review_required": false,
"workspace": "sandbox",
"time_to_useful_ms": 120000,
"notes": "Report the smallest successful task, setup friction, files touched, and risk notes."
}
},
"endpoints": {
"web": "https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/openzeppelin-upgrade-stellar-contracts",
"api": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/skills/openzeppelin-upgrade-stellar-contracts",
"audit": "https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/openzeppelin-upgrade-stellar-contracts/audit",
"eval": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/evals?slug=openzeppelin-upgrade-stellar-contracts&task=Use%20upgrade-stellar-contracts%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&max_risk=medium",
"resolve": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/resolve?task=Use%20upgrade-stellar-contracts%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&agent=codex&max_risk=medium",
"receipt": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/receipt?task=Use%20upgrade-stellar-contracts%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&agent=codex&max_risk=medium&format=text",
"install": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/skills/openzeppelin-upgrade-stellar-contracts/install",
"manifest": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/registry/manifest/openzeppelin-upgrade-stellar-contracts"
}
}Untuk kreator
Sumber listing
Diindeks Registry
Listing ini diindeks dari sumber publik dan belum ditandai resmi hingga klaim pemelihara disetujui.
- Kreator
- OpenZeppelin
- Diindeks oleh
- Indeks komunitas OpenAgentSkill
Atribusi menautkan ke repositori publik atau profil kreator. Kreator dapat mengklaim listing untuk memperbarui sinyal kepemilikan.
Klaim skill iniKlaim pemilik
Klaim listing skill ini
Listing Diindeks Registry ini dikaitkan dengan OpenZeppelin, tetapi belum ditandai resmi. Klaim untuk menambahkan sinyal pemilik terverifikasi dan membuat pembaruan peluncuran, pemasangan, serta audit berikutnya lebih tepercaya.
Kit berbagi
Kit backlink kreator
Tambahkan badge bukti ke README Anda
Tampilkan listing kanonis, sinyal kepercayaan dan audit saat ini, serta bukti Agent-Proven nyata di tempat pengembang mengevaluasi repositori.
[](https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/openzeppelin-upgrade-stellar-contracts?ref=github&utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=creator_badge)
[](https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/openzeppelin-upgrade-stellar-contracts?ref=github&utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=creator_badge)
[](https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/openzeppelin-upgrade-stellar-contracts/audit)
[](https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/openzeppelin-upgrade-stellar-contracts?ref=github&utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=creator_badge)Sinyal komunitas
Bagikan apakah skill ini bermanfaat untuk alur kerja Agent Anda. Masukan gabungan meningkatkan peringkat dari waktu ke waktu.