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upgrade-cairo-contracts

Upgrade Cairo smart contracts using OpenZeppelin's UpgradeableComponent on Starknet. Use when users need to: (1) make Cairo contracts upgradeable via replace_class_syscall, (2) integrate the OpenZeppelin UpgradeableComponent, (3) understand Starknet's class-based upgrade model vs

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价格未确认★ 208 GitHub Stars目录更新于 · 2026年9月3日agent-skill

概览

Upgrade Cairo smart contracts using OpenZeppelin's UpgradeableComponent on Starknet. Use when users need to: (1) make Cairo contracts upgradeable via replace_class_syscall, (2) integrate the OpenZeppelin UpgradeableComponent, (3) understand Starknet's class-based upgrade model vs EVM proxy patterns, (4) ensure storage compatibility across upgrades, (5) guard upgrade functions with access control, or (6) test upgrade paths for Cairo contracts.

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Cairo Upgrades

Contents

Starknet Upgrade Model

Starknet separates contract instances from contract classes. A class is the compiled program (identified by its class hash); a contract is a deployed instance pointing to a class. Multiple contracts can share the same class.

Upgrading a contract means replacing its class hash so it points to a new class. The contract keeps its address, storage, and nonce — only the code changes. This is fundamentally different from EVM proxy patterns:

StarknetEVM (proxy pattern)
Mechanismreplace_class_syscall swaps the class hash in-placeProxy delegatecalls to a separate implementation contract
Proxy contract neededNo — the contract upgrades itselfYes — a proxy sits in front of the implementation
Storage locationBelongs to the contract directlyLives in the proxy, accessed via delegatecall
Fallback routingNot applicable — no fallback/catch-all mechanism in CairoProxy forwards all calls via fallback function

The replace_class_syscall is a native Starknet syscall. When called, it atomically replaces the calling contract's class hash with the provided one. The new class must already be declared on-chain. After the syscall, the current execution frame continues with the old code, but subsequent calls to the contract — whether via call_contract_syscall later in the same transaction or in future transactions — execute the new code.

Using the OpenZeppelin Upgradeable Component

OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo provides an UpgradeableComponent that wraps replace_class_syscall with validation and event emission. Integrate it as follows:

  1. Declare the component alongside an access control component (e.g., OwnableComponent)
  2. Add both to storage and events using #[substorage(v0)] and #[flat]
  3. Expose an upgrade function behind access control that calls the component's internal upgrade method — the component calls replace_class_syscall to atomically swap the class hash; always mention this syscall when explaining how Cairo upgrades work
  4. Initialize access control in the constructor

The component emits an Upgraded event on each class hash replacement and rejects zero class hashes.

There is also an IUpgradeAndCall interface variant that couples the upgrade with a function call in the new class context — useful for post-upgrade migrations or re-initialization.

Access control

The UpgradeableComponent deliberately does not embed access control itself. You must guard the external upgrade function with your own check (e.g., self.ownable.assert_only_owner()). Forgetting this allows anyone to replace your contract's code.

Common access control options:

  • Ownable — single owner, simplest pattern
  • AccessControl / RBAC — role-based, finer granularity
  • Multisig or governance — for production contracts managing significant value

Upgrade Safety

Storage compatibility

When replacing a class hash, existing storage is reinterpreted by the new class. Incompatible changes corrupt state:

  • Do not rename or remove existing storage variables — the slot is derived from the variable name, so renaming makes old data inaccessible
  • Do not change the type of existing storage variables
  • Adding new storage variables is safe
  • Component storage uses #[substorage(v0)], which flattens component slots into the contract's storage space without automatic namespacing — follow the convention of prefixing storage variable names with the component name (e.g., ERC20_balances) to avoid collisions across components

Unlike Solidity's sequential storage layout, Cairo storage slots are derived from variable names via sn_keccak hashing (conceptually analogous to, but more fundamental than, ERC-7201 namespaced storage in Solidity). This makes ordering irrelevant but makes naming critical.

OpenZeppelin version upgrades

OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo follows semantic versioning for storage layout compatibility:

  • Patch updates always preserve storage layout
  • Minor updates preserve storage layout (from v1.0.0 onward)
  • Major updates may break storage layout — never upgrade a live contract across major versions without reviewing the changelog
Testing upgrade paths

Before upgrading a production contract:

  • Deploy V1 and V2 classes in a local devnet (e.g., starknet-devnet-rs or Katana)
  • Write state with V1, upgrade to V2, and verify that all existing state reads correctly
  • Verify new functionality works as expected after the upgrade
  • Confirm access control — only authorized callers can invoke upgrade
  • Check API compatibility — changed external function signatures break existing callers and integrations
  • Review storage changes — ensure no renames, removals, or type changes to existing variables
  • Manual review — there is no automated storage layout validation for Cairo; use npx @openzeppelin/contracts-cli to discover current integration patterns and rely on devnet testing
查看来源 ↗
文件元数据
name: upgrade-cairo-contracts
description: "Upgrade Cairo smart contracts using OpenZeppelin's UpgradeableComponent on Starknet. Use when users need to: (1) make Cairo contracts upgradeable via replace_class_syscall, (2) integrate the OpenZeppelin UpgradeableComponent, (3) understand Starknet's class-based upgrade model vs EVM proxy patterns, (4) ensure storage compatibility across upgrades, (5) guard upgrade functions with access control, or (6) test upgrade paths for Cairo contracts."
license: AGPL-3.0-only
metadata:
  author: OpenZeppelin
查看原始文本
---
name: upgrade-cairo-contracts
description: "Upgrade Cairo smart contracts using OpenZeppelin's UpgradeableComponent on Starknet. Use when users need to: (1) make Cairo contracts upgradeable via replace_class_syscall, (2) integrate the OpenZeppelin UpgradeableComponent, (3) understand Starknet's class-based upgrade model vs EVM proxy patterns, (4) ensure storage compatibility across upgrades, (5) guard upgrade functions with access control, or (6) test upgrade paths for Cairo contracts."
license: AGPL-3.0-only
metadata:
  author: OpenZeppelin
---

# Cairo Upgrades

## Contents

- [Starknet Upgrade Model](#starknet-upgrade-model)
- [Using the OpenZeppelin Upgradeable Component](#using-the-openzeppelin-upgradeable-component)
- [Access Control](#access-control)
- [Upgrade Safety](#upgrade-safety)

## Starknet Upgrade Model

Starknet separates **contract instances** from **contract classes**. A class is the compiled program (identified by its class hash); a contract is a deployed instance pointing to a class. Multiple contracts can share the same class.

Upgrading a contract means **replacing its class hash** so it points to a new class. The contract keeps its address, storage, and nonce — only the code changes. This is fundamentally different from EVM proxy patterns:

| | Starknet | EVM (proxy pattern) |
|---|---|---|
| **Mechanism** | `replace_class_syscall` swaps the class hash in-place | Proxy `delegatecall`s to a separate implementation contract |
| **Proxy contract needed** | No — the contract upgrades itself | Yes — a proxy sits in front of the implementation |
| **Storage location** | Belongs to the contract directly | Lives in the proxy, accessed via delegatecall |
| **Fallback routing** | Not applicable — no fallback/catch-all mechanism in Cairo | Proxy forwards all calls via fallback function |

The `replace_class_syscall` is a native Starknet syscall. When called, it atomically replaces the calling contract's class hash with the provided one. The new class must already be declared on-chain. After the syscall, the current execution frame continues with the old code, but subsequent calls to the contract — whether via `call_contract_syscall` later in the same transaction or in future transactions — execute the new code.

## Using the OpenZeppelin Upgradeable Component

OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo provides an `UpgradeableComponent` that wraps `replace_class_syscall` with validation and event emission. Integrate it as follows:

1. **Declare the component** alongside an access control component (e.g., `OwnableComponent`)
2. **Add both to storage and events** using `#[substorage(v0)]` and `#[flat]`
3. **Expose an `upgrade` function** behind access control that calls the component's internal `upgrade` method — the component calls `replace_class_syscall` to atomically swap the class hash; always mention this syscall when explaining how Cairo upgrades work
4. **Initialize access control** in the constructor

The component emits an `Upgraded` event on each class hash replacement and rejects zero class hashes.

There is also an `IUpgradeAndCall` interface variant that couples the upgrade with a function call in the new class context — useful for post-upgrade migrations or re-initialization.

### Access control

The `UpgradeableComponent` deliberately does **not** embed access control itself. You must guard the external `upgrade` function with your own check (e.g., `self.ownable.assert_only_owner()`). Forgetting this allows anyone to replace your contract's code.

Common access control options:
- **Ownable** — single owner, simplest pattern
- **AccessControl / RBAC** — role-based, finer granularity
- **Multisig or governance** — for production contracts managing significant value

## Upgrade Safety

### Storage compatibility

When replacing a class hash, existing storage is reinterpreted by the new class. Incompatible changes corrupt state:

- **Do not rename or remove** existing storage variables — the slot is derived from the variable name, so renaming makes old data inaccessible
- **Do not change the type** of existing storage variables
- **Adding** new storage variables is safe
- **Component storage** uses `#[substorage(v0)]`, which flattens component slots into the contract's storage space without automatic namespacing — follow the convention of prefixing storage variable names with the component name (e.g., `ERC20_balances`) to avoid collisions across components

Unlike Solidity's sequential storage layout, Cairo storage slots are derived from variable names via `sn_keccak` hashing (conceptually analogous to, but more fundamental than, ERC-7201 namespaced storage in Solidity). This makes ordering irrelevant but makes naming critical.

### OpenZeppelin version upgrades

OpenZeppelin Contracts for Cairo follows semantic versioning for storage layout compatibility:
- **Patch** updates always preserve storage layout
- **Minor** updates preserve storage layout (from v1.0.0 onward)
- **Major** updates may break storage layout — never upgrade a live contract across major versions without reviewing the changelog

### Testing upgrade paths

Before upgrading a production contract:

- [ ] **Deploy V1 and V2** classes in a local devnet (e.g., `starknet-devnet-rs` or Katana)
- [ ] **Write state with V1**, upgrade to V2, and verify that all existing state reads correctly
- [ ] **Verify new functionality** works as expected after the upgrade
- [ ] **Confirm access control** — only authorized callers can invoke `upgrade`
- [ ] **Check API compatibility** — changed external function signatures break existing callers and integrations
- [ ] **Review storage changes** — ensure no renames, removals, or type changes to existing variables
- [ ] **Manual review** — there is no automated storage layout validation for Cairo; use `npx @openzeppelin/contracts-cli` to discover current integration patterns and rely on devnet testing

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  • Financial research output is not financial advice; require human review before any live investment decision.
  • This skill may touch real-money trading, broker, wallet, or exchange operations; use only in a sandbox with explicit approval.
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来源仓库
OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-skills
许可证
AGPL-3.0-only
版本
1.0.0
最近 GitHub 推送
2026年9月1日
目录更新于
2026年9月3日
技能指令路径
skills/upgrade-cairo-contracts/SKILL.md @ 6f215af60eb6

版本来自目录元数据，使用前请核实来源发布记录。

质量

67/100

有潜力

信任

66/100

仅限沙盒

审计

77/100

高风险

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  • Financial research output is not financial advice; require human review before any live investment decision
  • Potential broker, wallet, exchange, or real-money execution surface; sandbox and explicit approval are required
  • Financial research output is not financial advice; require human review before any live investment decision.
  • This skill may touch real-money trading, broker, wallet, or exchange operations; use only in a sandbox with explicit approval.
  • Quality score needs review
  • Stars/forks activity: 208 stars, 29 forks; issue activity unavailable in current metadata
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  "do_not_use_when": [
    "teams that need a vendor-supported SLA",
    "high-compliance environments without internal security review",
    "No major risk signals from current metadata",
    "Audit risk risky exceeds max_risk=medium",
    "High-risk permission hints: Shell or command execution",
    "Financial research output is not financial advice; require human review before any live investment decision",
    "Potential broker, wallet, exchange, or real-money execution surface; sandbox and explicit approval are required",
    "Financial research output is not financial advice; require human review before any live investment decision."
  ],
  "agent_contract": {
    "task_input": "Use upgrade-cairo-contracts in an agent workflow",
    "recommended_action": "Do not auto-install. Inspect the source, dependencies, and permission surface first.",
    "install_policy": "block",
    "minimum_review_before_use": [
      "Trust: 74/100 Strong shortlist",
      "Audit: 77/100 Risky",
      "Safety: 53/100 Avoid automatic install",
      "Review repository, license, install command, and permission surface before production use."
    ],
    "expected_agent_output": {
      "selected_skill": "openzeppelin-upgrade-cairo-contracts (upgrade-cairo-contracts)",
      "install_command": "npx skills add OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-skills --skill upgrade-cairo-contracts",
      "risk_summary": "Risky; Blocked for auto-install; Review before production",
      "verification_result": "Report the smallest successful task, files touched, warnings, and any missing setup."
    }
  },
  "outcome_feedback": {
    "endpoint": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/outcome",
    "method": "POST",
    "requires_resolve_event_id": true,
    "event_id_source": "Use install_receipt.outcome_feedback.event_id or feedback.event_id returned by /api/agent/resolve for the current task.",
    "expected_outcomes": [
      "success",
      "failed",
      "not_relevant",
      "blocked_by_risk",
      "setup_required"
    ],
    "payload_template": {
      "event_id": "<install_receipt.outcome_feedback.event_id or feedback.event_id from /api/agent/resolve>",
      "skill_slug": "openzeppelin-upgrade-cairo-contracts",
      "task": "Use upgrade-cairo-contracts in an agent workflow",
      "agent": "codex",
      "outcome": "success",
      "install_used": true,
      "risk_blocked": false,
      "setup_required": false,
      "task_success": true,
      "output_quality": 4,
      "error_type": null,
      "human_review_required": false,
      "workspace": "sandbox",
      "time_to_useful_ms": 120000,
      "notes": "Report the smallest successful task, setup friction, files touched, and risk notes."
    }
  },
  "endpoints": {
    "web": "https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/openzeppelin-upgrade-cairo-contracts",
    "api": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/skills/openzeppelin-upgrade-cairo-contracts",
    "audit": "https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/openzeppelin-upgrade-cairo-contracts/audit",
    "eval": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/evals?slug=openzeppelin-upgrade-cairo-contracts&task=Use%20upgrade-cairo-contracts%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&max_risk=medium",
    "resolve": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/resolve?task=Use%20upgrade-cairo-contracts%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&agent=codex&max_risk=medium",
    "receipt": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/receipt?task=Use%20upgrade-cairo-contracts%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&agent=codex&max_risk=medium&format=text",
    "install": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/skills/openzeppelin-upgrade-cairo-contracts/install",
    "manifest": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/registry/manifest/openzeppelin-upgrade-cairo-contracts"
  }
}

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