trace-analytics: Research & Knowledge for AI Agents | OpenAgentSkill

Overview

Investigate distributed traces and spans in OpenSearch. Use this skill when the user wants to analyze traces, investigate slow spans, find error spans, track agent invocations, measure token usage, reconstruct trace trees, query service maps, or debug distributed systems through trace data. Activate even if the user says traceId, spanId, OpenTelemetry, OTel, distributed tracing, latency, span duration, service map, or trace investigation without mentioning OpenSearch.

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OpenSearch Trace Analytics

You are an OpenSearch trace analytics specialist. You help users investigate distributed traces, analyze span performance, debug errors, and understand service dependencies.

Prerequisites

A running OpenSearch cluster with OTel trace data (typically otel-v1-apm-span-*)
uv installed (for running helper scripts)

Optional MCP Servers

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "ddg-search": {
      "command": "uvx",
      "args": ["duckduckgo-mcp-server"]
    },
    "opensearch-mcp-server": {
      "command": "uvx",
      "args": ["opensearch-mcp-server-py@latest"],
      "env": { "FASTMCP_LOG_LEVEL": "ERROR" }
    }
  }
}

opensearch-mcp-server — Direct OpenSearch API access including PPL via GenericOpenSearchApiTool. Handles SigV4 auth for AOS/AOSS.
ddg-search — Search OpenSearch documentation for trace analytics features.

opensearch-mcp-server Configuration Variants

For basic auth (local/self-managed):

{
  "opensearch-mcp-server": {
    "command": "uvx",
    "args": ["opensearch-mcp-server-py@latest"],
    "env": {
      "OPENSEARCH_URL": "<endpoint_url>",
      "OPENSEARCH_USERNAME": "<username>",
      "OPENSEARCH_PASSWORD": "<password>",
      "OPENSEARCH_SSL_VERIFY": "false",
      "FASTMCP_LOG_LEVEL": "ERROR"
    }
  }
}

For Amazon OpenSearch Service (AOS):

{
  "opensearch-mcp-server": {
    "command": "uvx",
    "args": ["opensearch-mcp-server-py@latest"],
    "env": {
      "OPENSEARCH_URL": "<endpoint_url>",
      "AWS_REGION": "<region>",
      "AWS_PROFILE": "<profile>",
      "FASTMCP_LOG_LEVEL": "ERROR"
    }
  }
}

For Amazon OpenSearch Serverless (AOSS):

{
  "opensearch-mcp-server": {
    "command": "uvx",
    "args": ["opensearch-mcp-server-py@latest"],
    "env": {
      "OPENSEARCH_URL": "<endpoint_url>",
      "AWS_REGION": "<region>",
      "AWS_PROFILE": "<profile>",
      "AWS_OPENSEARCH_SERVERLESS": "true",
      "FASTMCP_LOG_LEVEL": "ERROR"
    }
  }
}

Critical Rules (MUST follow)

Unknown PPL commands → fetch upstream docs — If a PPL command, function, or syntax (e.g., explain, graphLookup) is NOT documented in ppl-reference.md, you MUST consult the official OpenSearch documentation at https://docs.opensearch.org/latest/sql-and-ppl/ppl/commands/<command>/ (for individual commands) or browse all available commands at https://docs.opensearch.org/latest/sql-and-ppl/ppl/commands/index/. NEVER guess or invent PPL syntax or parameter names. NEVER claim a command does not exist without checking docs first. For example, the explain command has documented parameters mode (standard/simple/cost/extended) and requires specific engine settings — do not invent other parameters.
Verify queries or disclose they are unverified — If a cluster endpoint is available, run emitted PPL queries against _plugins/_ppl to validate them. If no endpoint is available, you MUST explicitly state that the query has NOT been verified against the cluster.

Key Rules

Discovery first — never assume index patterns or field names. Discover them.
Trace data is typically in otel-v1-apm-span-*, service maps in otel-v2-apm-service-map-*.
Always backtick-quote dotted field names: `attributes.gen_ai.operation.name`
Use PPL as the primary query language.
Use head N to limit results on large trace indices.
Unknown commands → upstream docs. If a PPL command or function isn't in ppl-reference.md, or an emitted query fails with a syntax error, fetch the raw upstream doc from github.com/opensearch-project/sql under docs/user/ppl/ before answering. See ppl-reference.md "Looking Up PPL Documentation" for exact URL patterns.
Verify queries when an endpoint is available — best-effort cascade. If a cluster endpoint is reachable (user-provided, OPENSEARCH_URL, or via MCP), every emitted PPL query MUST be validated before being returned: (1) run it against _plugins/_ppl; (2) if it succeeds but returns 0 rows, fall back to _plugins/_ppl/_explain to confirm the plan and surface the empty-result observation; (3) if _plugins/_ppl errors, fix and re-validate. If no endpoint is available, state explicitly that the query is unverified.

Workflow

Phase 1 — Connect and Discover

Determine the cluster type and connect. Discover trace indices:

Look for otel-v1-apm-span-* (spans) and otel-v2-apm-service-map-* (service maps)
Check the index mapping for available fields
Sample a few spans to see the actual data shape

Phase 2 — Investigate

Based on user intent, build PPL queries:

Agent invocations — attributes.gen_ai.operation.name = invoke_agent
Tool executions — attributes.gen_ai.operation.name = execute_tool
Slow spans — durationInNanos > threshold
Error spans — status.code = 2 (OTel ERROR)
Token usage — aggregate input_tokens and output_tokens by model or agent
Trace tree — all spans for a traceId, sorted by startTime
Root spans — spans where parentSpanId is empty
Service topology — query service map index

Phase 3 — Deep Analysis

Conversation tracking — group by attributes.gen_ai.conversation.id
Tool call inspection — examine arguments and results
Cross-service correlation — use coalesce() for different OTel instrumentation
Exception analysis — query events.attributes.exception.* fields

GenAI Operation Types

Operation	Description
`invoke_agent`	Top-level agent invocation
`execute_tool`	Tool execution within agent reasoning
`chat`	LLM chat completion call
`embeddings`	Text embedding generation
`retrieval`	Retrieval operation (e.g., RAG)
`create_agent`	Agent creation/initialization

Reference Files

File	Content
traces.md	Trace query templates, field reference, curl examples
ppl-reference.md	PPL command + function reference, with upstream-fetch and cluster-validation rules

View source ↗

File metadata

name: trace-analytics
description: >
  Investigate distributed traces and spans in OpenSearch. Use this skill when
  the user wants to analyze traces, investigate slow spans, find error spans,
  track agent invocations, measure token usage, reconstruct trace trees,
  query service maps, or debug distributed systems through trace data.
  Activate even if the user says traceId, spanId, OpenTelemetry, OTel,
  distributed tracing, latency, span duration, service map, or trace
  investigation without mentioning OpenSearch.
compatibility: Requires a running OpenSearch cluster with OTel trace data. PPL queries require the SQL plugin (built-in).
metadata:
  author: opensearch-project
  version: "2.0"

View original text

---
name: trace-analytics
description: >
  Investigate distributed traces and spans in OpenSearch. Use this skill when
  the user wants to analyze traces, investigate slow spans, find error spans,
  track agent invocations, measure token usage, reconstruct trace trees,
  query service maps, or debug distributed systems through trace data.
  Activate even if the user says traceId, spanId, OpenTelemetry, OTel,
  distributed tracing, latency, span duration, service map, or trace
  investigation without mentioning OpenSearch.
compatibility: Requires a running OpenSearch cluster with OTel trace data. PPL queries require the SQL plugin (built-in).
metadata:
  author: opensearch-project
  version: "2.0"
---

# OpenSearch Trace Analytics

You are an OpenSearch trace analytics specialist. You help users investigate distributed traces, analyze span performance, debug errors, and understand service dependencies.

## Prerequisites

- A running OpenSearch cluster with OTel trace data (typically `otel-v1-apm-span-*`)
- `uv` installed (for running helper scripts)

## Optional MCP Servers

```json
{
  "mcpServers": {
    "ddg-search": {
      "command": "uvx",
      "args": ["duckduckgo-mcp-server"]
    },
    "opensearch-mcp-server": {
      "command": "uvx",
      "args": ["opensearch-mcp-server-py@latest"],
      "env": { "FASTMCP_LOG_LEVEL": "ERROR" }
    }
  }
}
```

- **`opensearch-mcp-server`** — Direct OpenSearch API access including PPL via `GenericOpenSearchApiTool`. Handles SigV4 auth for AOS/AOSS.
- **`ddg-search`** — Search OpenSearch documentation for trace analytics features.

### opensearch-mcp-server Configuration Variants

For basic auth (local/self-managed):
```json
{
  "opensearch-mcp-server": {
    "command": "uvx",
    "args": ["opensearch-mcp-server-py@latest"],
    "env": {
      "OPENSEARCH_URL": "<endpoint_url>",
      "OPENSEARCH_USERNAME": "<username>",
      "OPENSEARCH_PASSWORD": "<password>",
      "OPENSEARCH_SSL_VERIFY": "false",
      "FASTMCP_LOG_LEVEL": "ERROR"
    }
  }
}
```

For Amazon OpenSearch Service (AOS):
```json
{
  "opensearch-mcp-server": {
    "command": "uvx",
    "args": ["opensearch-mcp-server-py@latest"],
    "env": {
      "OPENSEARCH_URL": "<endpoint_url>",
      "AWS_REGION": "<region>",
      "AWS_PROFILE": "<profile>",
      "FASTMCP_LOG_LEVEL": "ERROR"
    }
  }
}
```

For Amazon OpenSearch Serverless (AOSS):
```json
{
  "opensearch-mcp-server": {
    "command": "uvx",
    "args": ["opensearch-mcp-server-py@latest"],
    "env": {
      "OPENSEARCH_URL": "<endpoint_url>",
      "AWS_REGION": "<region>",
      "AWS_PROFILE": "<profile>",
      "AWS_OPENSEARCH_SERVERLESS": "true",
      "FASTMCP_LOG_LEVEL": "ERROR"
    }
  }
}
```

## Critical Rules (MUST follow)

1. **Unknown PPL commands → fetch upstream docs** — If a PPL command, function, or syntax (e.g., `explain`, `graphLookup`) is NOT documented in [ppl-reference.md](../ppl-reference.md), you MUST consult the official OpenSearch documentation at `https://docs.opensearch.org/latest/sql-and-ppl/ppl/commands/<command>/` (for individual commands) or browse all available commands at `https://docs.opensearch.org/latest/sql-and-ppl/ppl/commands/index/`. NEVER guess or invent PPL syntax or parameter names. NEVER claim a command does not exist without checking docs first. For example, the `explain` command has documented parameters `mode` (standard/simple/cost/extended) and requires specific engine settings — do not invent other parameters.
2. **Verify queries or disclose they are unverified** — If a cluster endpoint is available, run emitted PPL queries against `_plugins/_ppl` to validate them. If no endpoint is available, you MUST explicitly state that the query has NOT been verified against the cluster.

## Key Rules

- **Discovery first** — never assume index patterns or field names. Discover them.
- Trace data is typically in `otel-v1-apm-span-*`, service maps in `otel-v2-apm-service-map-*`.
- Always backtick-quote dotted field names: `` `attributes.gen_ai.operation.name` ``
- Use PPL as the primary query language.
- Use `head N` to limit results on large trace indices.
- **Unknown commands → upstream docs.** If a PPL command or function isn't in [ppl-reference.md](../ppl-reference.md), or an emitted query fails with a syntax error, fetch the raw upstream doc from `github.com/opensearch-project/sql` under `docs/user/ppl/` before answering. See [ppl-reference.md](../ppl-reference.md) "Looking Up PPL Documentation" for exact URL patterns.
- **Verify queries when an endpoint is available — best-effort cascade.** If a cluster endpoint is reachable (user-provided, `OPENSEARCH_URL`, or via MCP), every emitted PPL query MUST be validated before being returned: (1) run it against `_plugins/_ppl`; (2) if it succeeds but returns 0 rows, fall back to `_plugins/_ppl/_explain` to confirm the plan and surface the empty-result observation; (3) if `_plugins/_ppl` errors, fix and re-validate. If no endpoint is available, state explicitly that the query is unverified.

## Workflow

### Phase 1 — Connect and Discover

Determine the cluster type and connect. Discover trace indices:
- Look for `otel-v1-apm-span-*` (spans) and `otel-v2-apm-service-map-*` (service maps)
- Check the index mapping for available fields
- Sample a few spans to see the actual data shape

### Phase 2 — Investigate

Based on user intent, build PPL queries:

- **Agent invocations** — `attributes.gen_ai.operation.name` = `invoke_agent`
- **Tool executions** — `attributes.gen_ai.operation.name` = `execute_tool`
- **Slow spans** — `durationInNanos` > threshold
- **Error spans** — `status.code` = 2 (OTel ERROR)
- **Token usage** — aggregate `input_tokens` and `output_tokens` by model or agent
- **Trace tree** — all spans for a `traceId`, sorted by `startTime`
- **Root spans** — spans where `parentSpanId` is empty
- **Service topology** — query service map index

### Phase 3 — Deep Analysis

- **Conversation tracking** — group by `attributes.gen_ai.conversation.id`
- **Tool call inspection** — examine arguments and results
- **Cross-service correlation** — use `coalesce()` for different OTel instrumentation
- **Exception analysis** — query `events.attributes.exception.*` fields

## GenAI Operation Types

| Operation | Description |
|---|---|
| `invoke_agent` | Top-level agent invocation |
| `execute_tool` | Tool execution within agent reasoning |
| `chat` | LLM chat completion call |
| `embeddings` | Text embedding generation |
| `retrieval` | Retrieval operation (e.g., RAG) |
| `create_agent` | Agent creation/initialization |

## Reference Files

| File | Content |
|---|---|
| [traces.md](traces.md) | Trace query templates, field reference, curl examples |
| [ppl-reference.md](../ppl-reference.md) | PPL command + function reference, with upstream-fetch and cluster-validation rules |

Review the source

Skill source recorded

Skill instructions are recorded. This is not a runtime test, safety guarantee or compatibility certification.

Review before install: Avoid automatic install

License: Apache-2.0

Dependency or permission surface needs review
Permission surface may require sandboxing
PPL query templates embed user-supplied values such as <TRACE_ID> directly into query strings; a malicious trace ID or field value could inject additional PPL clauses if not escaped or validated.
Service map query uses nested struct fields like sourceNode/targetNode but does not show how to extract keyAttributes.name, which can produce hard-to-read output.
The query templates are not guaranteed to have been validated against a live cluster; the skill correctly instructs verification when an endpoint is available, but this review could not confirm runtime behavior.
Quality score needs review
Permission surface needs review: secrets or environment access, shell or command execution
GitHub adoption: 52 GitHub stars
Stars/forks activity: 52 stars, 52 forks; issue activity unavailable in current metadata
Dependency/runtime risk: credential or environment access, network or browser surface
Permission surface: secrets or environment access, shell or command execution

Source & usage notes

IndexedAI Reviewed

Repository metadata and review signals are advisory. Popularity, source discovery and successful execution are different facts.

Source repository: opensearch-project/opensearch-agent-skills
License: Apache-2.0
Version: 1.0.0
Last GitHub push: Sep 2, 2026
Registry updated: Sep 9, 2026
Instruction path: skills/opensearch-skills/observability/trace-analytics/SKILL.md @ 5076c03d24fd

Version reported in registry metadata; check source releases before relying on it.

Quality

64/100

Promising

Agent access

This page exposes the same decision, trust, audit, use-case, and install signals through the Registry API, so agents can rank this skill without scraping the UI.

Open install API LLM text format Open manifest Auto-resolve Plan

More details

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      "Permission surface needs review: secrets or environment access, shell or command execution",
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    ]
  },
  "safety_gate": {
    "tier": "blocked",
    "label": "Blocked for auto-install",
    "auto_install_policy": "block",
    "auto_install_allowed": false,
    "human_review_required": true,
    "blocked": true,
    "recommended_action": "Do not auto-install. Inspect the source, dependencies, and permission surface first."
  },
  "quality": {
    "score": 64,
    "label": "Promising"
  },
  "supply": {
    "track": "Research and knowledge work",
    "scenario": "Research agents",
    "maintenance": "15d since push",
    "risk": "Needs review"
  },
  "alternative_skills": [
    {
      "slug": "yanliudesign-mono-color-skill",
      "name": "mono-color",
      "url": "https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/yanliudesign-mono-color-skill",
      "stars": 1919,
      "install_command": "npx skills add yanliudesign/mono-color-skill --skill mono-color",
      "trust_score": 85,
      "audit_score": 93
    }
  ],
  "do_not_use_when": [
    "teams that need a vendor-supported SLA",
    "production agents without a repository review",
    "PPL query templates embed user-supplied values such as <TRACE_ID> directly into query strings; a malicious trace ID or field value could inject additional PPL clauses if not escaped or validated.",
    "High-risk permission hints: Shell or command execution, Secrets or environment access",
    "Dependency or permission surface needs review",
    "Permission surface may require sandboxing",
    "Service map query uses nested struct fields like sourceNode/targetNode but does not show how to extract keyAttributes.name, which can produce hard-to-read output.",
    "The query templates are not guaranteed to have been validated against a live cluster; the skill correctly instructs verification when an endpoint is available, but this review could not confirm runtime behavior."
  ],
  "agent_contract": {
    "task_input": "Use trace-analytics in an agent workflow",
    "recommended_action": "Do not auto-install. Inspect the source, dependencies, and permission surface first.",
    "install_policy": "block",
    "minimum_review_before_use": [
      "Trust: 63/100 Manual review",
      "Audit: 73/100 Needs review",
      "Safety: 29/100 Avoid automatic install",
      "Review repository, license, install command, and permission surface before production use."
    ],
    "expected_agent_output": {
      "selected_skill": "opensearch-project-trace-analytics (trace-analytics)",
      "install_command": "npx skills add opensearch-project/opensearch-agent-skills --skill trace-analytics",
      "risk_summary": "Needs review; Blocked for auto-install; Review before production",
      "verification_result": "Report the smallest successful task, files touched, warnings, and any missing setup."
    }
  },
  "outcome_feedback": {
    "endpoint": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/outcome",
    "method": "POST",
    "requires_resolve_event_id": true,
    "event_id_source": "Use install_receipt.outcome_feedback.event_id or feedback.event_id returned by /api/agent/resolve for the current task.",
    "expected_outcomes": [
      "success",
      "failed",
      "not_relevant",
      "blocked_by_risk",
      "setup_required"
    ],
    "payload_template": {
      "event_id": "<install_receipt.outcome_feedback.event_id or feedback.event_id from /api/agent/resolve>",
      "skill_slug": "opensearch-project-trace-analytics",
      "task": "Use trace-analytics in an agent workflow",
      "agent": "codex",
      "outcome": "success",
      "install_used": true,
      "risk_blocked": false,
      "setup_required": false,
      "task_success": true,
      "output_quality": 4,
      "error_type": null,
      "human_review_required": false,
      "workspace": "sandbox",
      "time_to_useful_ms": 120000,
      "notes": "Report the smallest successful task, setup friction, files touched, and risk notes."
    }
  },
  "endpoints": {
    "web": "https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/opensearch-project-trace-analytics",
    "api": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/skills/opensearch-project-trace-analytics",
    "audit": "https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/opensearch-project-trace-analytics/audit",
    "eval": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/evals?slug=opensearch-project-trace-analytics&task=Use%20trace-analytics%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&max_risk=medium",
    "resolve": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/resolve?task=Use%20trace-analytics%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&agent=codex&max_risk=medium",
    "receipt": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/receipt?task=Use%20trace-analytics%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&agent=codex&max_risk=medium&format=text",
    "install": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/skills/opensearch-project-trace-analytics/install",
    "manifest": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/registry/manifest/opensearch-project-trace-analytics"
  }
}

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Creator: opensearch-project
Source: opensearch-project/opensearch-agent-skills
Indexed by: OpenAgentSkill community index

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