api-gateway-authorizer-security: Security & Code Review for AI Agents | OpenAgentSkill

Overview

Secure Amazon API Gateway routes when a scanner reports missing authorization, choose Cognito/OIDC JWT or other business authorizers first, and use an always-allow Lambda authorizer only as an explicitly documented fallback for public routes.

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API Gateway Authorizer Security

Review and remediate API Gateway authorization findings without adding security theater merely to make a scanner pass.

Authorizer Precedence Rule

Apply exactly one effective authorizer policy to each route:

If the route requires Cognito, OIDC JWT, IAM, or custom business authorization, use that real authorizer only.
If the route is intentionally public and organizational scanning policy requires an authorizer, an always-allow Lambda authorizer may be used only as the documented fallback.
Never replace, wrap, or supplement a real business authorizer with the fallback authorizer.

The fallback authorizer is a scanner-compatibility control, not authentication. Its name, documentation, route inventory, and review output must state that it grants public access.

When to Apply

Use this skill when:

A scanner flags an API Gateway route with no authorizer
cdk-nag reports AwsSolutions-APIG4 or a similar authorization finding
A dedicated fallback Lambda authorizer is needed for intentionally public routes
Public health, sign-in, OAuth callback, or webhook routes need a defensible exception
API Gateway authorization is being designed or reviewed

Workflow

1. Inventory Effective Route Authorization

Inspect both infrastructure source and the synthesized CloudFormation template. For every route or method, record:

Route	Method	Exposure	Configured authorizer	Actual security check	Classification
`/example`	`GET`	Public internet	JWT, IAM, Lambda, or none	What is validated	Protected or intentionally public

Do not infer protection from an authorizer attachment alone. Read the authorizer handler and its configuration.

Useful searches:

rg -n "addRoutes|addMethod|authorizer|authorizationType|isAuthorized|Effect.*Allow" .
npx cdk synth
rg -n "AuthorizationType|AuthorizerId|AuthorizerUri|IdentitySource" cdk.out

2. Identify and Classify Pass-Through Authorizers

Treat an authorizer as non-authenticating when any path can grant access without validating caller-controlled credentials. Common indicators include:

Returning isAuthorized: true for every request
Returning an Allow policy before token, signature, claim, or identity validation
Catching validation errors and allowing the request
Empty or irrelevant identity sources combined with no request validation
Accepting unsigned JWTs or decoding claims without verifying the signature
Validating only that a header exists
Using an API key or CORS as authentication
Logging full authorization headers, tokens, or request events

Report these routes as unauthenticated even if the synthesized template references an authorizer. A pass-through authorizer is acceptable only when all of the following are true:

The route is explicitly classified as intentionally public
No Cognito, OIDC JWT, IAM, or custom business authorizer is required
The scanner or organizational policy does not accept an explicit public-route exception
The fallback is attached only to the named public routes
Compensating controls and the reason for the fallback are documented

3. Classify Each Route

Choose exactly one classification:

Protected — accesses user, tenant, administrative, or business data; mutates state; triggers paid or privileged operations.
Intentionally public — must be callable without an established identity, such as a minimal liveness endpoint, an OAuth callback, or a third-party webhook ingress.
Unclear — do not suppress the finding; ask for the route's trust boundary, caller, and data classification.

Assume a route is protected unless its public requirement is explicit and documented.

4. Remediate the Root Cause

For protected routes, prefer managed mechanisms in this order when they fit the caller:

IAM authorization with SigV4 for AWS workloads
API Gateway JWT or Cognito authorizers for standards-based user or service tokens
A real Lambda authorizer only for authentication logic unsupported by managed authorizers
Private API or resource-policy restrictions when network identity is part of the trust boundary

A real Lambda authorizer must deny by default, validate cryptographic credentials and required claims, scope access to the intended route, avoid secret logging, and handle caching without reusing authorization across unrelated routes or tenants.

For intentionally public routes:

Prefer configuring the route as explicitly unauthenticated with a narrow, documented scanner exception
If policy still requires an authorizer, attach the dedicated always-allow fallback authorizer only to these public routes
Narrow the route to required methods and paths; avoid public catch-all proxies
Keep responses and backend permissions minimal
Add appropriate throttling, request-size/schema validation, access logging, alarms, and edge protections
Add protocol-specific checks in the integration, such as OAuth state/PKCE validation or webhook signature verification
Suppress only the exact scanner finding on the exact route, with a concrete reason and compensating controls

Never use fallback selection such as businessAuthorizer ?? fallbackAuthorizer for protected routes. A missing business authorizer must fail deployment or validation rather than silently making the route public.

See remediation-patterns.md for CDK examples and route-specific controls.

5. Validate

Run the repository's normal validation plus the security scanner that raised the finding:

npm run build
npm test
npx cdk synth

Then verify in the synthesized template that:

Every protected route has the intended authorization type and authorizer reference
Every public route is narrow and intentionally configured
Every pass-through authorizer attachment is limited to an explicitly catalogued public route
No route with Cognito, OIDC JWT, IAM, or custom business authorization also uses the fallback
Suppressions target only documented public routes
Scanner output contains no unexplained authorization finding

Required Review Output

Provide:

A route authorization inventory
Pass-through authorizer findings with file and line references
The protected/public decision for each affected route
Implemented or recommended remediation
Validation commands and results
Any fallback authorizer or narrowly scoped suppression and its justification

Enforcement Rules

Never treat the fallback authorizer as authentication or authorization
Never attach the fallback to a route that requires or already has a business authorizer
Never silently fall back when a required Cognito, OIDC JWT, IAM, or custom authorizer is missing
Use the fallback only for explicitly catalogued public routes when scanner exceptions are unavailable
Never describe API keys, CORS, obscurity, or throttling as authentication
Never apply stack-wide or rule-wide suppression for a route-specific exception
Never suppress a protected route's missing authentication
Never log credentials or complete authorization events
Never weaken a working authorizer to preserve compatibility without explicit approval
Verify current AWS and scanner behavior before relying on service-specific capabilities

References

View source ↗

File metadata

name: api-gateway-authorizer-security
description: Secure Amazon API Gateway routes when a scanner reports missing authorization, choose Cognito/OIDC JWT or other business authorizers first, and use an always-allow Lambda authorizer only as an explicitly documented fallback for public routes.
license: MIT
metadata:
  author: sample-skills-for-builders
  version: "1.0.0"

View original text

---
name: api-gateway-authorizer-security
description: Secure Amazon API Gateway routes when a scanner reports missing authorization, choose Cognito/OIDC JWT or other business authorizers first, and use an always-allow Lambda authorizer only as an explicitly documented fallback for public routes.
license: MIT
metadata:
  author: sample-skills-for-builders
  version: "1.0.0"
---

# API Gateway Authorizer Security

Review and remediate API Gateway authorization findings without adding security theater merely to make a scanner pass.

## Authorizer Precedence Rule

Apply exactly one effective authorizer policy to each route:

1. If the route requires Cognito, OIDC JWT, IAM, or custom business authorization, use that real authorizer only.
2. If the route is intentionally public and organizational scanning policy requires an authorizer, an always-allow Lambda authorizer may be used only as the documented fallback.
3. Never replace, wrap, or supplement a real business authorizer with the fallback authorizer.

The fallback authorizer is a scanner-compatibility control, not authentication. Its name, documentation, route inventory, and review output must state that it grants public access.

## When to Apply

Use this skill when:

- A scanner flags an API Gateway route with no authorizer
- `cdk-nag` reports `AwsSolutions-APIG4` or a similar authorization finding
- A dedicated fallback Lambda authorizer is needed for intentionally public routes
- Public health, sign-in, OAuth callback, or webhook routes need a defensible exception
- API Gateway authorization is being designed or reviewed

## Workflow

### 1. Inventory Effective Route Authorization

Inspect both infrastructure source and the synthesized CloudFormation template. For every route or method, record:

| Route | Method | Exposure | Configured authorizer | Actual security check | Classification |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| `/example` | `GET` | Public internet | JWT, IAM, Lambda, or none | What is validated | Protected or intentionally public |

Do not infer protection from an authorizer attachment alone. Read the authorizer handler and its configuration.

Useful searches:

```bash
rg -n "addRoutes|addMethod|authorizer|authorizationType|isAuthorized|Effect.*Allow" .
npx cdk synth
rg -n "AuthorizationType|AuthorizerId|AuthorizerUri|IdentitySource" cdk.out
```

### 2. Identify and Classify Pass-Through Authorizers

Treat an authorizer as non-authenticating when any path can grant access without validating caller-controlled credentials. Common indicators include:

- Returning `isAuthorized: true` for every request
- Returning an Allow policy before token, signature, claim, or identity validation
- Catching validation errors and allowing the request
- Empty or irrelevant identity sources combined with no request validation
- Accepting unsigned JWTs or decoding claims without verifying the signature
- Validating only that a header exists
- Using an API key or CORS as authentication
- Logging full authorization headers, tokens, or request events

Report these routes as unauthenticated even if the synthesized template references an authorizer. A pass-through authorizer is acceptable only when all of the following are true:

- The route is explicitly classified as intentionally public
- No Cognito, OIDC JWT, IAM, or custom business authorizer is required
- The scanner or organizational policy does not accept an explicit public-route exception
- The fallback is attached only to the named public routes
- Compensating controls and the reason for the fallback are documented

### 3. Classify Each Route

Choose exactly one classification:

1. **Protected** — accesses user, tenant, administrative, or business data; mutates state; triggers paid or privileged operations.
2. **Intentionally public** — must be callable without an established identity, such as a minimal liveness endpoint, an OAuth callback, or a third-party webhook ingress.
3. **Unclear** — do not suppress the finding; ask for the route's trust boundary, caller, and data classification.

Assume a route is protected unless its public requirement is explicit and documented.

### 4. Remediate the Root Cause

For **protected** routes, prefer managed mechanisms in this order when they fit the caller:

- IAM authorization with SigV4 for AWS workloads
- API Gateway JWT or Cognito authorizers for standards-based user or service tokens
- A real Lambda authorizer only for authentication logic unsupported by managed authorizers
- Private API or resource-policy restrictions when network identity is part of the trust boundary

A real Lambda authorizer must deny by default, validate cryptographic credentials and required claims, scope access to the intended route, avoid secret logging, and handle caching without reusing authorization across unrelated routes or tenants.

For **intentionally public** routes:

- Prefer configuring the route as explicitly unauthenticated with a narrow, documented scanner exception
- If policy still requires an authorizer, attach the dedicated always-allow fallback authorizer only to these public routes
- Narrow the route to required methods and paths; avoid public catch-all proxies
- Keep responses and backend permissions minimal
- Add appropriate throttling, request-size/schema validation, access logging, alarms, and edge protections
- Add protocol-specific checks in the integration, such as OAuth `state`/PKCE validation or webhook signature verification
- Suppress only the exact scanner finding on the exact route, with a concrete reason and compensating controls

Never use fallback selection such as `businessAuthorizer ?? fallbackAuthorizer` for protected routes. A missing business authorizer must fail deployment or validation rather than silently making the route public.

See [remediation-patterns.md](./references/remediation-patterns.md) for CDK examples and route-specific controls.

### 5. Validate

Run the repository's normal validation plus the security scanner that raised the finding:

```bash
npm run build
npm test
npx cdk synth
```

Then verify in the synthesized template that:

- Every protected route has the intended authorization type and authorizer reference
- Every public route is narrow and intentionally configured
- Every pass-through authorizer attachment is limited to an explicitly catalogued public route
- No route with Cognito, OIDC JWT, IAM, or custom business authorization also uses the fallback
- Suppressions target only documented public routes
- Scanner output contains no unexplained authorization finding

## Required Review Output

Provide:

1. A route authorization inventory
2. Pass-through authorizer findings with file and line references
3. The protected/public decision for each affected route
4. Implemented or recommended remediation
5. Validation commands and results
6. Any fallback authorizer or narrowly scoped suppression and its justification

## Enforcement Rules

- Never treat the fallback authorizer as authentication or authorization
- Never attach the fallback to a route that requires or already has a business authorizer
- Never silently fall back when a required Cognito, OIDC JWT, IAM, or custom authorizer is missing
- Use the fallback only for explicitly catalogued public routes when scanner exceptions are unavailable
- Never describe API keys, CORS, obscurity, or throttling as authentication
- Never apply stack-wide or rule-wide suppression for a route-specific exception
- Never suppress a protected route's missing authentication
- Never log credentials or complete authorization events
- Never weaken a working authorizer to preserve compatibility without explicit approval
- Verify current AWS and scanner behavior before relying on service-specific capabilities

## References

- [Remediation patterns](./references/remediation-patterns.md)
- [API Gateway access control](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/apigateway/latest/developerguide/apigateway-control-access-to-api.html)
- [API Gateway HTTP API access control](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/apigateway/latest/developerguide/http-api-access-control.html)
- [CDK Nag rules and suppressions](https://github.com/cdklabs/cdk-nag)

Review the source

Skill source recorded

Skill instructions are recorded. This is not a runtime test, safety guarantee or compatibility certification.

Review before install: Avoid automatic install

License: MIT

Dependency or permission surface needs review
Permission surface may require sandboxing
Low GitHub adoption signal
Quality score needs review
Permission surface needs review: secrets or environment access, shell or command execution
GitHub adoption: 47 GitHub stars
Stars/forks activity: 47 stars, 32 forks; issue activity unavailable in current metadata
Dependency/runtime risk: command execution surface, credential or environment access
Permission surface: secrets or environment access, shell or command execution

Open full audit

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Start with one small task

1Read the source. Confirm the input, expected output, dependencies and permissions.
2Ask your agent for a plan. Approve setup and any costs before running a small isolated test.
3Check the output and changed files. Report only what actually ran; keep the source revision for reproduction.

Source & usage notes

IndexedAI Reviewed

Repository metadata and review signals are advisory. Popularity, source discovery and successful execution are different facts.

Source repository: aws-samples/sample-agent-skills-for-builders
License: MIT
Version: 1.0.0
Last GitHub push: Aug 27, 2026
Registry updated: Sep 9, 2026
Instruction path: skills/api-gateway-authorizer-security/SKILL.md @ b4d559561c2d

Version reported in registry metadata; check source releases before relying on it.

Quality

64/100

Promising

Trust

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This page exposes the same decision, trust, audit, use-case, and install signals through the Registry API, so agents can rank this skill without scraping the UI.

Open install API LLM text format Open manifest Auto-resolve Plan

More details

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  "outcome_feedback": {
    "endpoint": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/outcome",
    "method": "POST",
    "requires_resolve_event_id": true,
    "event_id_source": "Use install_receipt.outcome_feedback.event_id or feedback.event_id returned by /api/agent/resolve for the current task.",
    "expected_outcomes": [
      "success",
      "failed",
      "not_relevant",
      "blocked_by_risk",
      "setup_required"
    ],
    "payload_template": {
      "event_id": "<install_receipt.outcome_feedback.event_id or feedback.event_id from /api/agent/resolve>",
      "skill_slug": "aws-samples-api-gateway-authorizer-security",
      "task": "Use api-gateway-authorizer-security in an agent workflow",
      "agent": "codex",
      "outcome": "success",
      "install_used": true,
      "risk_blocked": false,
      "setup_required": false,
      "task_success": true,
      "output_quality": 4,
      "error_type": null,
      "human_review_required": false,
      "workspace": "sandbox",
      "time_to_useful_ms": 120000,
      "notes": "Report the smallest successful task, setup friction, files touched, and risk notes."
    }
  },
  "endpoints": {
    "web": "https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/aws-samples-api-gateway-authorizer-security",
    "api": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/skills/aws-samples-api-gateway-authorizer-security",
    "audit": "https://www.openagentskill.com/skills/aws-samples-api-gateway-authorizer-security/audit",
    "eval": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/evals?slug=aws-samples-api-gateway-authorizer-security&task=Use%20api-gateway-authorizer-security%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&max_risk=medium",
    "resolve": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/resolve?task=Use%20api-gateway-authorizer-security%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&agent=codex&max_risk=medium",
    "receipt": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/agent/receipt?task=Use%20api-gateway-authorizer-security%20in%20an%20agent%20workflow&agent=codex&max_risk=medium&format=text",
    "install": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/skills/aws-samples-api-gateway-authorizer-security/install",
    "manifest": "https://www.openagentskill.com/api/registry/manifest/aws-samples-api-gateway-authorizer-security"
  }
}

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Creator: sample-skills-for-builders
Source: aws-samples/sample-agent-skills-for-builders
Indexed by: OpenAgentSkill community index

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